[196] New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. [197] Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. [198] Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia. [199] Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas. This classification is made with reference to conditions apparently similar as regards domestic service. [200] _Eleventh Census_, Occupations, p. 20. It is interesting to note the increasing proportion of women of foreign birth who go into domestic service. The Tenth Census shows that, in 1880, 49.31 per cent of all women of foreign birth employed for pay were engaged in domestic service; thus in ten years an increase of 10.06 per cent was made. [201] _Census of Massachusetts_, 1885, Part II., pp. xxxvi, xxxviii. In this statement only the number of women engaged in domestic service for remuneration is considered. [202] _Eleventh Census_, Population, Part I., p. lxxxix. [203] _Eleventh Census_, Wealth, Debt, and Taxation, Part II., p. 16, Chart. [204] _Ibid._, p. 59. [205] _Eleventh Census_, Wealth, Debt, and Taxation, Part II., pp. 376-403. [206] Brooklyn, Buffalo, Camden, Fall River, Jersey City, Lowell, Newark, Paterson, Rochester, Trenton, Troy. [207] P. 68. [208] _Report of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor, 1885_, pp. 196-312. [209] In the classification in these two tables the employees in several large boarding houses were omitted. All of those included under the term “nurses” are nurse-maids, with the exception of the few receiving the highest wages. [210] _Post_, p. 136. [211] The figures are taken from the annual reports of city superintendents. The attempt was made to find the average salaries in the fifty largest cities, but many cities do not publish in detail the salaries paid. The reports used were those for the year ending in 1889,—the year for which reports were made through the schedules,—with the exception of Paterson, where the report for 1890 was used. Half-day teachers are omitted as far as known. In cities having separate schools for colored and for white children, the teachers in colored schools are included where the salaries paid are the same as those paid in white schools of the same grade,—otherwise they are omitted. [212] _Fourth Annual Report_, pp. 520-529. [213] _Ibid._, p. 625. [214] _Post_, p. 132. [215] _Report of the Bureau, 1887_, pp. 216-219, 225. [216] _United States Bureau of Labor, 1887_, pp. 794-797. [217] More definitely, it numbered 4.85 persons. [218] Forty-six per cent had kept house longer than this, averaging nearly thirty years; while forty-four per cent had kept house for a shorter period, averaging about eight years and a half. Seventeen reports came from housekeepers of fifty years or more experience.