Domestic employees, number of, in the United States by latest census, 3; average wages paid, 3, n., 88, 90-98; average cost of board for each, 4, n.; demand for, greater than supply, 14, 125; democratic spirit of, at the North, 54-60; in early part of century, difficult to procure, 56, 58, 61; democratic spirit of, a subject of complaint, 59; compared with domestic employees in Europe, 59; causes of democratic spirit, 61; negro slaves at the South, 61; changes in kind among, between 1850 and 1870, 62; introduction of Irish, 62; of Germans, 63; of Chinese, 64; a new social and a new economic element introduced by foreign born domestic employees, 64, 65; change in kind at the South through abolition of slavery, 65; lack of political privileges of, in Europe, 72, n.; mostly of foreign birth, 74-77; geographical distribution of, in the United States, 76; number of Irish, 79; number of German, 79; number of English, 79; number of Canadian, 79; number of Swedish and Norwegian, 79; few in agricultural and thinly settled states, 80; relative number large in states containing large cities, 80; smallest relative number in Oklahoma, 81; greatest relative number in District of Columbia, New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, 82; relative number unaffected by aggregate wealth of state, 82; affected by per capita wealth of state, 82; high relative number in cities, 83; relative number most affected by prevailing industry, 84, 87, 88; relative number small in manufacturing towns, 84; relative number large in the South, 84; foreign born receive higher wages than native born, 91, 92; savings, 102, 103; small number of unemployed, 104, 105; number in average family, 107; nationalities represented in schedules forming basis of this work, 108, n.; foreign born an extraneous element difficult to assimilate into household, 109; brief tenure of service, 109-112; ignorance of, 112, 113; dislike of occupation, 127; industrial independence of, 130; other occupations engaged in, 130, n.; reasons for entering service, 131; special privileges given, 133, 134; hours of work, 143; _disadvantages_—_social deprivations_, 152-154; enforced loneliness, 154, n.; obnoxious term “servant,” 156; address by Christian name, 156; wearing of livery, 157; servility of manner expected, 158; ignored socially, 158; required to obey absurd orders, 158; degraded by offering of fees, 158-162; often required to go out at night unprotected, 162; exposed to contamination in intelligence offices, 162; do not care to be treated as members of the family, 170-172; desire opportunity to live their lives in their own way, 172; their demand for more social opportunities reasonable, 206;