demand cannot be met in private home, 206; solitary instruction unsatisfactory, 206; social opportunities more satisfactory if provided by them than for them, 207; taken from the home of employer through specialization of household employments, 213-234; independence of, secured through specialization of household employments, 228; moral education acquired through profit sharing, 247; benefactions for, in Germany, 300. See also Hours of work, Wages. Domestic employments, see Household employments. Domestic service, “the great American question,” 1; discussed frequently, in a popular manner, 1; has been omitted from economic discussion, 2; omitted from theoretical discussion, 2; reasons—capital not involved, 2; no combinations formed, 2; products of labor transient, 2; omitted from official statistics because of no demand by public for its investigation, 2, 3; references to partial discussions, 3, n.; subject has not been considered historically, 3; an important question, considering numbers involved, 3; nature of, has been regarded as personal only, 4; regarded as an isolated form of industry, 5; difficulties in domestic service due partly to incomplete division of labor, 15; three phases of, in America, 16; in the colonial period, 16-53; implied social inferiority even more than now, 53; unsatisfactory to both master and servant, 53; accompanied by definite legal exactions, 53; in New England, early part of century, 54; described by Harriet Martineau, 55, 56; since 1850, 62-68; at the North, change of personnel from native born to foreign, 62-65; at the South, no change till later, 62; causes of change—Irish famine, 62, 63; German Revolution, 63, 64; treaty between United States and China, 1844, 64; effect of change, lowering of social status, 65; at the South, condition changed with abolition of slavery, 65; foreign born domestics introduced, 65; the employment as affected by development of material resources, 66, 67; mobility of, 67-69; new rival occupations to compete with, 68; changes indicated by history of “servant,” 69-71; _economic phases of domestic service_, 74-106; the occupation includes more foreign born women than any other occupation, 77; includes majority of foreign born wage-earning women, 77; employees prefer city to country life, 77, 78, 83; nationalities most represented, 79; effect of aggregate wealth of state upon number, 82, 83; statistics representing effect of locality, 85; effect of per capita wealth, 86-88; effect of prevailing industry greatest, 87; character of service rendered, 91; wages higher than average wages in other occupations, 93; average annual earnings, 98; remuneration compared with that in teaching, 101, 102;