Unconscious co-operation, characteristic of modern industry, 212. Unemployed, number of, among domestic employees, very small, 104, 105. University education in household affairs needed, 259-262, 269. Vacations, of domestic employees, 135, 136. Valet, the, in literature, 296, n. Vassar College, Associate Alumnæ of, assistance of, in obtaining statistics, preface, vii; Classes of 1888 and 1889, assistance of, in obtaining statistics, preface, vii. Vegetables, preparation of, for cooking, 214; canning of, 214, n. Verney, Thomas, a redemptioner, 21, n. Virginia, transported convicts in, 18; General Court of, prohibits introduction of English criminals, 19, n.; redemptioners in, 21, n., 23, 25, 27, 48, n.; colonial law of indenture in, 23, 24; laws binding servants not indented in, 23, 24; law regulating wages of redemptioners in, 30; to punish pilfering of bakers in, 32, n.; fixing reward for capturing runaways in, 44. Wages in domestic service, total aggregate paid, 3, n.; average paid in 1817, cited by Breck, 58, n.; present average of, statistics, 88, 90, 94-97; by geographical sections, 88; by occupations, statistics, 90, 94-97; highest for skilled labor, 89; higher paid to foreign born than to native born, 91, 92; higher paid to men than to women, 92; tending to increase, 93; exceed average wages in other occupations, 93; compared with wages of teachers, 99-102; maintained without strikes, 105; conform to economic laws, 106; in average family, 108; underrated in popular estimate, 164, n.; not officially investigated as are wages in other occupations, 198; wages paid in Europe, 288-294. Wages of redemptioners, 28-31. “Waitress,” as an appellation unobjectionable, 208. Waitresses, average wages of, statistics, 89, 94-97. See also Chambermaids. Warner, Charles Dudley, on social position of teachers, 205, n. Washing, see Laundry work. Waste lessened through profit sharing, 240, 241, 243, 244, 246. Watson, Elkanah, on self-respect of domestic employees in America, 1782, 49, n.; on effect of slavery upon people of the South, 52, n.; on high character of service in America, 56, n. Watson, John, on increase of democratic spirit in servants, 55, n. Weaving, transferred from home to factories, 215; revival of, as home industry in Westmoreland, 232, n. Weber, A., on domestic service in France, 281, n., 282, n., 283, n., 291, n., 292, n. Winter, John, on high wages of redemptioners in Maine, 28, n.; description of an unprofitable servant, 33, 34. Winthrop, John, on high wages demanded by servants in New England, 28, n. Winthrop, John, Jr., complaint of his Irish servant, 1717, 36. Winthrop, Wait, complaint of his “black Tom,” 1682, 35.