The temptation to harbor runaways was great, not so much from
philanthropic motives as because of the scarcity of labor, and every
colony supplemented its legislation against runaways by corresponding
acts carrying penalties for harboring them. In East New Jersey the
offender was fined five pounds and was to make full satisfaction to
the master or mistress for costs and damages sustained because of the
absence, while any person who knowingly harbored or entertained a
runaway, “except of real charity,” was to pay the master or mistress of
the servant ten shillings for every day’s entertainment and concealment
and to be fined at the discretion of the Court.[98] In Connecticut the
presumption was that if servants were entertained after nine o’clock at
night they were runaways, and the head of the family so entertaining
them was to forfeit five shillings to the complainer and five shillings
to the town treasurer. Any Indian hiding a runaway was to forfeit forty
shillings for every such offence or suffer a month’s imprisonment.[99]
In South Carolina runaways were not to be harbored under a penalty of
two pounds for every day and night the servant was so entertained, but
the total amount forfeited was not to exceed treble the value of the
servant’s time remaining to be served.[100] In New York any one proved
to have connived at the absence of a servant was to forfeit twenty
pounds to the master or dame and five pounds to the Court. Any one
knowingly harboring a runaway was to forfeit ten shillings for every
day’s entertainment.[101] In Pennsylvania any one concealing a servant
forfeited twenty shillings for each day’s concealment.[102] In Rhode
Island any person entertaining a servant after nine o’clock at night
forfeited five shillings for each offence.[103] In Maryland, by an act
of 1692, persons harboring runaways were to forfeit five hundred pounds
of tobacco for every hour’s entertainment, one half to the government
and one half to the informer.[104] By a later act the person harboring
runaways was to forfeit one hundred pounds of tobacco for every hour’s
entertainment, one half to go to the public schools and one half to the
party aggrieved.[105] This was intended to meet evasions of the previous
laws on the part of those who harbored runaways a few hours at a time
and then helped them on their way. Free negroes or mulattoes harboring
runaways were to forfeit one thousand pounds of tobacco for every such
offence, one half for the use of free schools and one half to the party
aggrieved.[106] By a later act, servants harboring runaways were to be
punished by the magistrate by lashes, not to exceed thirty-nine, on the
bare back.[107]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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