Produced by Julia Miller, Joseph Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net [Illustration: AFRICAN ELEPHANT] DOMESTICATED ANIMALS THEIR RELATION TO MAN AND TO HIS ADVANCEMENT IN CIVILIZATION BY NATHANIEL SOUTHGATE SHALER DEAN OF THE LAWRENCE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY _ILLUSTRATED_ NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1908 COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION, 1 THE DOG Ancestry of the Domesticated Dogs.--Early Uses of the Animal: Variations induced by Civilization.--Shepherd-dogs: their Peculiarities; other Breeds.--Possible Intellectual Advances.--Evils of Specialized Breeding.--Likeness of Emotions of Dogs to those of Man: Comparison with other Domesticated Animals.--Modes of Expression of Emotions in Dogs.--Future Development of this Species.--Comparison of Dogs and Cats as regards Intelligence and Position in Relation to Man, 11 THE HORSE Value of the Strength of the Horse to Man.--Origin of the Horse.--Peculiar Advantage of the Solid Hoof.--Domestication of the Horse.--How begun.--Use as a Pack Animal.--For War.--Peculiar Advantages of the Animal for Use of Men.--Mental Peculiarities.--Variability of Body.--Spontaneous Variations due to Climate.--Variations of Breeds.--Effect of the Invention of Horseshoes.--Donkeys and Mules compared with Horse.--Especial Value of these Animals.--Diminishing Value of Horses in Modern Civilization.--Continued Need of their Service in War, 57 THE FLOCKS AND HERDS: BEASTS FOR BURDEN, FOOD, AND RAIMENT Effect of this Group of Animals on Man.--First Subjugations.--Basis of Domesticability.--Horned Cattle.--Wool-bearing Animals.--Sheep and Goats.--Camels: their Limitation.--Elephants: Ancient History; Distribution; Intelligence; Use in the Arts; Need of True Domestication.--Pigs: their Peculiar Economic Value; Modern Varieties; Mental Qualities.--Relation of the Development of Domesticable Animals to the Time of Man's Appearance on the Earth, 103 DOMESTICATED BIRDS Domestication of Animals mainly accomplished by the Aryan Race; Small Amount of Such Work by American Indians.--Barnyard Fowl: Mental Qualities; Habits of Combat.--Peacocks: their Limited Domestication.--Turkeys: their Origin; tending to revert to the Savage State.--Water Fowl: Limited Number of Species domesticated; Intellectual Qualities of this Group.--The Pigeon: Origin and History of Group; Marvels of Breeding.--Song Birds.--Hawks and Hawking.--Sympathetic Motive of Birds: their AEsthetic Sense; their Capacity for Enjoyment, 152 USEFUL INSECTS