"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
The numbers Pickens brought with him were disappointing. But he and his
men knew the back country intimately. They were the eyes and ears
Morgan’s little army desperately needed. Morgan immediately asked
Pickens to advance to a position about midway between Fair Forest Creek
and the Tyger River and send his horsemen ranging out from that point in
all directions to guard against a surprise attack by Banastre Tarleton.
The Wizard Owl and his men mounted their horses and rode away to begin
their reconnaissance. General Morgan soon knew enough about the enemy
force coming after him to make him fear for his army’s survival.
4
Daniel Morgan might call Banastre Tarleton “Benny” for the entertainment
of young militiamen like Joseph McJunkin. But Morgan had been fighting
the British for five years. He was as close to being a professional
soldier as any American of his time. He knew Banastre Tarleton was no
joke. In fact, the casual style of his decision to reunite his cavalry
and infantry at the Thompson plantation on Thicketty Creek disguised a
decision to retreat. The march to Thicketty Creek put an additional 10
miles between him and the aggressive British cavalryman. Behind the mask
of easy confidence Morgan wore for his men, there was a very worried
general.
As soon as he crossed the Broad River and camped at Grindal Shoals on
the north bank of the Pacolet on December 25, 1780, Morgan began sending
messengers to the men of western Georgia, South Carolina, and North
Carolina, urging them to turn out and support him. The response had been
disheartening. Pickens, as we have seen, was unable to muster more than
a fraction of his old regiment. From Georgia came only a small
detachment of about 100 men under the command of Lt. Col. James Jackson
and Maj. John Cunningham. Because their leader Elijah Clarke was out of
action from his wound at Long Canes, the Georgians were inclined to stay
home. Sumter, though almost recovered from his wound, sulked on the east
side of the Broad River. He felt Greene had sent Morgan into his sphere
of command without properly consulting him.
Arms and Tactics
The armies fought the way they did—on open ground in long lines of
musket-wielding infantry standing two and three ranks deep—because
that was the most rational way to use the weapons they had.
The main weapon of this combat was the muzzle-loading, smooth-bore,
flint-lock musket, equipped with a 16-inch bayonet. It hurled a
one-ounce lead ball of .70 to .80 calibre fairly accurately up to 75
yards, but distance scarcely mattered. The object was to break up the
enemy’s formations with volleys and then rout them with cold steel.
The British were masters of these linear tactics, and Washington and
his commanders spent the war trying to instill the same discipline in
their Continentals so that they could stand up to redcoats on equal
terms in battle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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