"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
The meadow was apparently well known to frontiersmen. The previous
October, a body of over-mountain men, pursuing Patrick Ferguson and his
loyalist corps, made camp here and, according to another tradition,
hauled the Tory Saunders out of bed at night seeking information on
Ferguson’s whereabouts. Finding no sign of an army passing through, they
butchered some cattle and after refreshing themselves took up the trail
again.
When the troops of Continental General Daniel Morgan filed onto this
field on a dank January day in 1781, they were an army on the run,
fleeing an implacable and awesome enemy, the dreaded British Legion of
Col. Banastre Tarleton. Their patrols reported that they were
substantially outnumbered, and by any military measure of the time, they
were clearly outclassed. They were a mixed force of some 830
soldiers—320 seasoned Continentals, a troop of light dragoons, and the
rest militia. Though some of the militia were former Continentals, known
to be stalwarts in battle, most were short-term soldiers whose
unpredictable performance might give a commander pause when battle lines
were drawn. Their foe, Tarleton’s Legion, was the best light corps in
the British army in America, and it was now reinforced by several
hundred British regulars and an artillery company.
On this afternoon of January 16, 1781, the men of Morgan’s army had run
long enough. They were spoiling for a fight. They knew Tarleton as the
enemy whose troopers at the Waxhaws had sabered to death Americans in
the act of surrendering. From him they had taken their own merciless
victory cry, “Tarleton’s quarter.” In the months after the infamous
butchery, as Tarleton’s green-jacketed dragoons attacked citizens and
soldiers alike and pillaged farms and burned homes, they had come to
characterize him as “Bloody Tarleton.” He was bold, fearless, often rash
and always a savage enemy, and they seethed to have a go at him.
Morgan chose this ground as much for its tactical advantages as from
necessity. Most of his militia lacked bayonets and could not stand up to
bayonet-wielding redcoats in a line of battle. Morgan saw advantage in
this unlikely field: a river to the rear to discourage the ranks from
breaking, rising ground on which to post his regulars, a scattering of
trees to hinder the enemy’s cavalry, and marsh on one side to thwart
flanking maneuvers. It was ground on which he could deploy his troops to
make the most of their abilities in the kind of fighting that he
expected Tarleton to bring on.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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