Produced by David E. Brown, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) DR. JOHN McLOUGHLIN [Illustration: DR. JOHN McLOUGHLIN _Taken from a daguerreotype of Dr. John McLoughlin made in 1856, about a year before his death. The original daguerreotype belongs to Mrs. Josiah Myrick of Portland, Oregon, a granddaughter of Dr. McLoughlin._] DR. JOHN McLOUGHLIN the Father of Oregon BY FREDERICK V. HOLMAN Director of the Oregon Pioneer Association and of the Oregon Historical Society _With Portraits_ Cleveland, Ohio The Arthur H. Clark Company 1907 COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY FREDERICK V. HOLMAN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED _To the true, good, brave Oregon Pioneers of 1843, 1844, 1845, and 1846, whose coming in the time of joint-occupancy did so much to help save Oregon and assisted in making it what it is today; whose affections and regards for Dr. John McLoughlin and whose remembrances and heartfelt appreciations of his humanity and kindness to them and theirs can and could end only with their deaths, this volume is most respectfully dedicated._ CONTENTS PREFACE 15 TEXT 19 EARLY SETTLEMENTS AND JOINT-OCCUPANCY OF THE OREGON COUNTRY 20 THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY AND THE NORTHWEST COMPANY 21 GENEALOGY AND FAMILY OF DR. JOHN McLOUGHLIN 22 McLOUGHLIN AND THE OREGON COUNTRY 25 FORT VANCOUVER 27 PUNISHMENT OF INDIANS 35 EARLY FRENCH CANADIAN SETTLERS 41 EARLY AMERICAN TRADERS AND TRAVELLERS 45 PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARIES 52 METHODIST MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES 54 PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT 64 IMMIGRATION OF 1842 69 IMMIGRATION OF 1843 70 IMMIGRATION OF 1844 78 IMMIGRATION OF 1845 81 THE QUALITY OF THE EARLY IMMIGRANTS 83 THE RESIGNATION OF DR. JOHN McLOUGHLIN 90 DR. McLOUGHLIN'S RELIGION 98 DR. McLOUGHLIN'S LAND CLAIM 101 ABERNETHY ISLAND 114 THE SHORTESS PETITION 116 LAND LAWS OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT 119 DR. McLOUGHLIN'S NATURALIZATION 120 CONSPIRACY AGAINST DR. McLOUGHLIN 122 THURSTON'S LETTER TO CONGRESS 123 PROTESTS AGAINST THURSTON'S ACTIONS 137