Dragons of the Air: An Account of Extinct Flying ReptilesSeeley, H. G. (Harry Govier)
Science
Dragons of the Air: An Account of Extinct Flying Reptiles
Seeley, H. G. (Harry Govier)
Pterosauria
Similar considerations apply to the occurrence of the Rhamphocephalus in
the Stonesfield Slate of England. The deposit is not only formed in
shallow water, but contains terrestrial Insects, a variety of land
plants, and many Reptiles and other animals which lived upon land. The
specimens from the Purbeck beds, again, are in strata which yield a
multitude of the spoils of a nearly adjacent land surface; while the
numerous remains found in the marine Solenhofen Slate in Germany are
similarly associated with abundant evidences of varied types of
terrestrial life. The evidence grows in force from its cumulative
character. The Wealden beds, which yield many terrestrial reptiles and
so much evidence of terrestrial vegetation, and shallow-water conditions
of disposition, have afforded important Pterodactyle remains from the
Isle of Wight and Sussex.
The chief English deposit in which these fossils are found, the Upper
Greensand, has afforded thousands of bones, battered and broken on a
shore, where they have lain in little associated groups of remains,
often becoming overgrown with small marine shells. Side by side with
them are found bones of true terrestrial Lizards and Crocodiles of the
type of the Gavial of the Indian rivers, many terrestrial Dinosaurs, and
other evidences of land life, including fossil resins, such as are met
with in the form of amber or copal at the present day.
The great bones of Pterodactyles found in the Chalk of Kent, near
Rochester, became entombed, beyond question, far from a land surface.
There is nothing to show whether the animals died on land and were
drifted out to sea like the timber which is found water-logged and
sunken after being drilled by the ship-worm (Teredo) of that epoch.
Seeing the power of flight which the animal possessed, storms may have
struck down travellers from time to time, when far from land.
Evidence of habit of another kind may be found in their teeth. They are
brightly enamelled, sharp, formidable; and are frequently long,
overlapping the sides of the jaws. They are organs which are often
better adapted for grasping than for tearing, as may be seen in the
inclined teeth of Rhamphocephalus of the Stonesfield Slate; and better
adapted for killing than tearing, from their piercing forms and cutting
edges, in genera like Ornithocheirus of the Greensand. The manner in
which the teeth were implanted and carried is better paralleled by the
fish-eating crocodile of Indian rivers than by the flesh-eating
crocodiles, or Muggers, which live indifferently in rivers and the sea.
As the Kingfisher finds its food (see Fig. 20) from the surface of the
water without being in the common sense of the term a water bird, so
some Pterodactyles may have fed on fish, for which their teeth are well
adapted, both in the stream and by the shore.
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