Drug Plants Under CultivationStockberger, W. W. (Warner Webster)
Science
Drug Plants Under Cultivation
Stockberger, W. W. (Warner Webster)
Botany, Medical; Medicinal plants -- Culture -- United States
Camomile grows well in almost any good, rather dry soil which has full
exposure to the sun. The plants may be grown from seeds or propagated
by dividing the roots early in the spring. The divisions of the root
may be planted 9 inches apart in rows spaced according to the method of
cultivation to be used. When planted on a small scale the divisions,
or offsets, may be set 9 inches apart each way in carefully prepared
soil. Hand weeding is necessary, but since the plants soon spread and
fully shade the ground, weeds usually have small chance of becoming
troublesome.
The flower heads are gathered just as they open, either by hand or by
means of a flower picker, and are dried in the open in bright weather
or, when necessary, on canvas trays in a heated room. Rapid drying
is essential, as it is desirable to retain the white color as far as
possible.
The yield is variable, but from 400 to 600 pounds of dried flowers
per acre may be expected. The prices for Roman camomile quoted in the
wholesale drug markets of this country prior to the war usually ranged
from about 10 to 12 cents a pound. The prices in June, 1920, were 18
to 20 cents a pound. Since this crop requires much hand labor, its
cultivation in this country on a commercial scale does not promise to
be very profitable.
CAMPHOR.
The camphor tree (_Camphora officinalis_) is a large evergreen, native
to Asia. It is hardy in situations where the winter temperature
does not fall below 15° F., and for many years has been grown as an
ornamental in the southern and southwestern United States. Young trees
suitable for planting as ornamentals may usually be obtained from the
nurseries in Florida and other parts of the South, or they can be
easily grown from fresh seed.
For culture on a commercial scale the climatic requirements of camphor
are practically the same as those of citrus fruits. The tree can
be grown in almost any soil, but the maximum growth is secured in
soils which are rich and well drained. When planted for commercial
cultivation new land is preferable. The following statements are based
upon actual experiments and observations on the growing and production
of camphor under conditions found in Florida.
Camphor seeds ripen about the middle of October and should be planted
while fresh, a better germination being obtained when the pulp is
removed. The seed bed should be selected with care and the precaution
taken to have one that will give sufficient moisture during the dry
season and yet be well drained. For small seed beds of 2 or 3 acres or
less it may be practicable to provide irrigation. Excellent stands of
seedlings have been obtained on slightly rolling land which originally
was covered with "blackjack" oak.
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