Drug Plants Under CultivationStockberger, W. W. (Warner Webster)
Science
Drug Plants Under Cultivation
Stockberger, W. W. (Warner Webster)
Botany, Medical; Medicinal plants -- Culture -- United States
Yields of dry leaf at the rate of 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per acre
have been obtained. The yield of seed is much more variable, and is
estimated to range from 500 to 2,000 pounds per acre. The prewar price
for the leaves varied from 2 to 10 cents and for the seed from 3 to 7
cents a pound. The price in June, 1920, for the leaves was 22 cents and
for the seed 12 cents a pound.
TANSY.
Tansy (_Tanacetum vulgare_) is a European perennial plant, long
cultivated in this country in gardens, from which it has escaped, and
it now occurs as a weed along fence rows and roadsides. The leaves and
flowering tops are in some demand for medicinal purposes. The herb also
yields a volatile oil, for which there is a small market.
Tansy grows well on almost any good soil, but rich and rather heavy
soils well supplied with moisture favor a heavy growth of herb. It may
be propagated from seed, but is more readily propagated by division
of the roots early in spring. The divisions are set 18 inches apart
in rows 3 feet apart. Seed may be sown very early in the spring in
the open or in seed beds, and the seedlings later transplanted to the
field. Such cultivation as is usually given to garden crops will be
sufficient.
The plants are cut late in the summer when in full flower, the leaves
and tops being separated from the stems and dried without exposure to
the sun, as the trade desires a bright-green color. For the volatile
oil the plants are allowed to lie in the field after cutting until
they have lost a considerable portion of their moisture. They are then
brought to the still and the oil removed by the usual method of steam
distillation.
A yield of about 2,000 pounds of dry leaves and flowering tops per acre
may be obtained under good conditions. The yield of oil varies, but
about 20 pounds per acre is a fair average. In the United States the
center of production of oil of tansy is Michigan, where about 2,500
pounds are distilled annually. The price of the oil in June, 1920, was
about $8 a pound. The price of the leaves and tops usually ranges from
3 to 5 cents a pound.
THYME.
Thyme (_Thymus vulgaris_) is a shrublike perennial plant of the mint
family, native to southwestern Europe. It is a common garden plant,
which lives for many years under good culture. The herb, often used
for seasoning and flavoring, yields the oil of thyme, which has
well-recognized medicinal properties.
Thyme grows well from seed, which may be sown early in the spring in
drills 3 feet apart, or the plants may be started in a greenhouse or in
seed beds outside and later set at intervals of about 18 inches in rows
2 to 3 feet apart. Thyme may also be propagated, like geraniums, from
cuttings rooted in sand under glass. The plants grow well in mellow
upland soil of good quality, and should be well cultivated and kept
free from weeds throughout the growing season.
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