Produced by Al Haines ROOSEVELT EDITION VOLUME 7 THE CHRONICLES OF AMERICA SERIES ALLEN JOHNSON EDITOR GERHARD H. LOMER CHARLES W. JEFFERYS ASSISTANT EDITORS * * * * * [Frontispiece: LOWER BROADWAY IN 1650. From the painting by C. W. Jefferys] DUTCH AND ENGLISH ON THE HUDSON A CHRONICLE OF COLONIAL NEW YORK BY MAUD WILDER GOODWIN NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS TORONTO: GLASGOW, BROOK & CO. LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1921 _Copyright, 1919, by Yale University Press_ {vii} CONTENTS I. UP THE GREAT RIVER Page 1 II. TRADERS AND SETTLERS " 17 III. PATROONS AND LORDS OF THE MANOR " 32 IV. THE DIRECTORS " 51 V. DOMINES AND SCHOOL-TEACHERS " 83 VI. THE BURGHERS " 102 VII. THE NEIGHBORS OF NEW NETHERLAND " 123 VIII. THE EARLY ENGLISH GOVERNORS " 137 IX. LEISLER " 150 X. PRIVATEERS AND PIRATES " 165 XI. COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY " 180 XII. THE ZENGER TRIAL " 193 XIII. THE NEGRO PLOTS " 206 XIV. SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON " 218 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE " 231 INDEX " 235 {ix} ILLUSTRATIONS LOWER BROADWAY IN 1650 From the painting by C. W. Jefferys. _Frontispiece_ THE HUDSON RIVER REGION, 1609-1770 Map by W. L. G. Joerg, American Geographical Society. _Facing page 12_ {1} DUTCH AND ENGLISH ON THE HUDSON CHAPTER I UP THE GREAT RIVER Geography is the maker of history. The course of Dutch settlement in America was predetermined by a river which runs its length of a hundred and fifty miles from the mountains to the sea through the heart of a fertile country and which offers a natural highway for transportation of merchandise and for communication between colonies. No man, however, could foresee the development of the Empire State when, on that memorable September day in 1609, a small Dutch yacht named the _Halve Maene_ or _Half Moon_, under the command of Captain Henry Hudson, slipped in past the low hook of sand in front of the Navesink Heights, and sounded her way to an {2} anchorage in what is now the outer harbor of New York. Robert Juet of Limehouse, one of the adventurers sailing with Hudson, writes in his journal: