Cab-driving a Lucrative Occupation 70 Coaches and Roads in Queen Anne’s Time 73 Coaching in George I.’s and II.’s Reigns 74 Dean Swift on Coaches and Drivers 76 Roads in the 18th Century 78 Speed of the 18th Century Stage Coach 80 The Application of Springs 84 Outside Passengers 87 Roads in George III.’s Time 88 Improvements in Stage Coaches 90 The Mail Coach 91 Regulations for Mail and Stage Coaches 94 Mail Coach Parade on the King’s Birthday 95 The Mail Coachman and Guard 97 “The Road” in Winter 100 Passenger Fares 102 Difference Between Stage and Mail Coach 102 The “Golden Age” of Coaching 104 Fast Coaches 106 Heavy Taxation of Coaches 111 Early Cabs 112 Private and Stage Coaches, 1750-1830 116 Varieties of Carriage 120 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE “Going to Bury Fair” _Frontispiece_ Hammock Waggon 5 Horse Litter 7 Flight of Princess Ermengarde 9 Queen Elizabeth’s Travelling Coach 17 Hackney Coaches in London, 1637 29 Coach of Queen Elizabeth’s Ladies 35 The Machine, 1640-1700 Face 56 Mr. Daniel Bourn’s Roller Wheel Waggon, 1763 79 Travelling Posting Carriage (1), 1750 83 Travelling Posting Carriage (2), 1750 85 Portrait of Mr. John Palmer Face 92 Portrait of Mr. Macadam 104 Royal Mail Coach 108 London Hackney Cab (Boulnois’ Patent) 115 Travelling Post, 1825-35 Face 118 King George IV. in His Pony Phaeton 120 [Illustration: JOHN BALE SONS and DANIELSSON L^{TD}. G^T TITCHFIELD STREET LONDON.] EARLY CARRIAGES AND ROADS. INTRODUCTION.