CHAPTER I--INTRODUCTORY 1 " II--THE NAVIGATORS 21 " III--INLAND EXPLORATION 32 " IV--EXPLORERS IN NORTH QUEENSLAND 61 " V--PIONEERING WORK IN QUEENSLAND 85 " VI--THE SPREAD OF PASTORAL OCCUPATION 110 " VII--THE RISE OF THE NORTHERN TOWNS 144 " VIII--THE MINERAL WEALTH 168 " IX--INCIDENTS OF THE EARLY DAYS 177 " X--THE MEN OF THE NORTH 185 " XI--ABORIGINALS OF NORTH QUEENSLAND 208 " XII--PHYSICAL FEATURES 226 " XIII--SOME LITERARY REMAINS 260 CHAPTER I.--INTRODUCTORY. The pioneers of Australian civilisation in the territory known as North Queensland have mostly passed away; they were too busy with other activities and interests and more absorbing local topics to make notes of the days that are gone. A record of the work they did, and their march of progress through the unknown land, was a matter that no one recognised as of any importance to themselves or others. "The daily round and common task" took up most of their time, and sufficient for the day was the work thereof. If one (however unqualified) should record a few of those early steps of settlement, and thus help to preserve the remembrance of events connected with the occupation of a prosperous country, the facts would remain, and be available for those more competent to utilise them in other ways and for other purposes. It is well that some one should do it, and one who has experienced the vicissitudes of Northern pioneer life, with its calls on active endurance and its ceaseless worries would not be altogether unfit to note the progress of a great movement, or to place on record some of those events that helped to make up the early life of Queensland, however unqualified the writer might be, in a literary sense. A pioneer is one who prepares the path for others to follow, one who first leads the way. The life of the pioneer in the early days of Northern settlement, from want of ready communication with seaports, and the lack of means of obtaining supplies, was one that called out all the energy, resource, and bushmanship of those who had been trained to this life, and who had pushed far in the van of civilisation to make a living for themselves, and open the way for others who might follow. Though the whole country is fitted for settlement and occupation by European races, such fitness had to be demonstrated by the residence and work of the pioneers, some of whom did good service in the way of exploration and discovery. By living their lives in the far outside districts and making their homes therein, they proved the adaptability of the soil and climate to the wants and civilisation of the European.