It is uncertain whether Bischofsheim, in Germany, under the abbess Lioba, was a double monastery, but the arrangement is known to have existed in Germany in the C8 and later. There are also traces of them in Italy, and considerable evidence for the same sort of system in Spain, but time does not allow of dealing with them here. Finally, the double monastery did not flourish or find much favour in the more sophisticated ages of Christianity, but generally followed an outburst of religious enthusiasm in the earlier centuries of the Faith. "It was," says Montalembert, "a peculiarity belonging to the youth of the church, which, like youth in all circumstances, went through all the difficulties, dangers, and storms of that age, and which in maturer times gave way before a more practical, if less ideal, outlook on life."[32] FOOTNOTES: [1] "Monasteria duplicia ut appellantur." Corp. Jur. Civ. (Krueger) Codex I. iii., 43. [2] Vita Pachom. Migne, Pat. Lat., tom. 73, cap. 28, col. 248. Paris, 1849. [3] Regula S. Pachomii. Gallandius Bib. Vet. Pat., tom. 4, p. 718. Venice, 1765. [4] Vita Pachom. Migne, Pat. Lat., tom. 73, cap. 28, col. 248. Paris, 1849. [5] Lives of Women Saints. Translated by an early author (unknown) probably 1610-1615. Edited by C. Horstmann (E.E.T.S.), 1886. [6] Migne, Pat. Lat., tom. 67, col. 1001. [7] Bateson, Mary, "Origin and Early History of Double Monasteries." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. XIII., p. 141. [8] Bateson, Mary, op. cit., p. 143. [9] Gregorius Turon, Hist. Franc., Lib. 3, cap. 7. [10] Nisard, Vie de Fortunat, chap. 52. Paris, 1887. [11] Eckenstein, Lina, Woman under Monasticism. Page 54. Cambridge, 1896. [12] Tempora si solito mihi candida lilia ferrent Aut speciosa foret suave rubore rosa, Haec ego rure legens aut caespite pauperis horti Misissem magnis munera parva libens; Sed quia prima mihi desunt, vel solvo secunda, Profert qui violas, fert et amore rosas. Inter odoriferas tamen has quas misimus herbas Purpureae violae nobile germen habent, Respirant pariter regali murice tinctae Et saturat foliis hinc odor, inde decor. Hae quod utrumque gerunt pariter habeatis utraque Et sit mercis odor flore perenne decus. (Nisard, Poésies de Fortunat, Lib. 8, vi. Paris, 1887.) [13] Gregorius Turon, De Gloria Confessorum, cap. 106. [14] Moines d'Occident. Tom. V., cap. 4. Paris, 1867. [15] Bede, Hist. Eccles., Lib. III., cap. 8. Ed. C. Plummer. Oxford, 1896. [16] This applies to the Germanic peoples generally. [17] Line 1942. Ed. F. Holthausen. Heidelberg, 1906. [18] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under 672. Ed. C. Plummer. 1892. [19] Moines d'Occident. Tom. 5, page 241. Paris, 1860. [20] Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, iii., 238. Abbesses Mildrith, Aetheldrith, Aette, Wilnoth, Hereswyth, sign the privilege granted to the churches and monasteries of Kent, by King Wihtred, 696/716.