10. Give some examples in modern times of war indemnities paid by defeated nations. 11. Why did the Romans call the Second Punic War the "War of Hannibal"? 12. What is a "Fabian policy"? Do you know why Washington was called the "American Fabius"? 13. What reasons can you give for Hannibal's early successes and final failure? 14. Show the signal importance to Rome of her control of the sea during the Second Punic War. 15. Comment on this statement: "As the rise of Rome was central in history, the Second Punic War was central in the rise of Rome." 16. What provinces had been formed by 133 B.C. (map facing page 184)? 17. What parts of the world belonged to Rome in 133 B.C. but were not yet provinces? 18. Might Rome have extended her federal policy to her territories outside of Italy? Was a provincial system really necessary? 19. Compare a Persian satrapy with a Roman province. 20. Would import duties on foreign grain have revived Italian agriculture? 21. Why did the cattle breeder in Italy have no reason to fear foreign competition? 22. Compare the Athenian practice of state pay with the Roman "bread and the games of the circus." 23. Had the Italians triumphed in the Social War, is it likely they would have established a better government than that of Rome? 24. Was Marius or was Sulla more to blame for the Civil War? 25. Explain the real meaning of Sulla's "perpetual dictatorship." 26. Why was the rule of the Senate, unsatisfactory though it was, to be preferred to that of the Roman populace? 27. Why is the First Triumvirate described as a "ring"? Did it have an official character? 28. Why does the First Triumvirate mark a distinct step toward the establishment of the empire? 29. Why can wars with barbarous and savage peoples be justified as "the most ultimately righteous of all wars"? 30. Can you suggest why Caesar's conquest of Gaul had even greater importance than Pompey's conquests in the East? 31. Was Caesar justified in leading his army against Rome? 32. Had Pompey triumphed over Caesar, is it probable that the republic would have been restored? 33. What contrasts can you draw between Caesar and Alexander? 34. Justify the aphorism, "In the midst of arms the laws are silent," by the statements in this chapter. 35. How do you account for the failure of the republican institutions of Rome? FOOTNOTES [1] Webster, _Readings in Ancient History_, chapter xv, "Hannibal and the Great Punic War"; chapter xvi, "Cato the Censor: a Roman of the Old School"; chapter xvii, "Cicero the Orator"; chapter xviii, "The Conquest of Gaul, Related by Caesar"; chapter xix, "The Makers of Imperial Rome: Character Sketches by Suetonius." [2] See page 123. [3] See page 155. [4] See page 149. [5] Livy, xxii, 61. [6] See page 100.