[38] Ludovic Christian Sproegel was one of the “Hermits of the Wissahickon.” [39] Quoted from the _Minutes of the Vestry of Christ Church_, by Benj. Dorr, _History of Christ Church_, p. 61. [40] Madeira, _Annals of Music in Philadelphia_, p. 24. [41] Madeira, _Annals of Music in Philadelphia_, p. 24 (hereafter quoted as Madeira). [42] _Minutes and Letters of the Coetus of the German Reformed Church_, p. 29. [43] Madeira, p. 24. [44] _Gottlieb Mittelberger’s Journey to Penn. in the Year 1750; translated by Carl T. Eben_, p. 114. [45] Wm. Reichel, _Something about Trombones_, p. 4 ff. See also the statement concerning Justus Falckner’s ordination as quoted above, where musical instruments of this character were used. [46] _Penn. Mag. of History_, Vol. II, p. 43. [47] _Penn. Mag. of Hist._ Vol. II, p. 40. [48] _John Adams Works_, Vol. II, pp. 401 and 364. [49] _John Adams Works_, Vol. II, pp. 401 and 364. [50] Franklin, _Autobiography_, p. 325 [Lippincott, Phila., 1868]. [51] Acrelius, p. 413. [52] The organ Mittelberger brought from Heilbronn; see above. [53] _Penn. Mag. of Hist._, Vol. XVII, p. 267. [54] _Penn. Mag. of Hist._, Vol. XVII, p. 272. [55] _Penn. Mag. of Hist._, Vol. XVI, p. 473 (note) [56] _Penn. Mag. of Hist._, Vol. XXIX, p. 131 ff; also Reichel, p. 4. [57] L. Elson, _History of American Music_, p. 43. [58] _German Pietists_, pp. 403, 412. [59] _German Pietists_, p. 192. [60] _German Pietists_, p. 418 (note). [61] _Penn. Mag. of Hist._, Vol. XII, p. 503 (note). [62] Spelled also Tannenberg. [63] Abraham Ritter, _Hist. of the Moravian Church in Phila._ (1857), p. 59 ff. (note). [64] _Pa. Gaz._ Jan. 10, 1771. [65] _General Adv._ Oct. 28, 1790. [66] _Penn. Mag. of Hist._, Vol. XXII, p. 231 ff. [67] This statement is utterly false, as it will be shown later that there were musical instruments in Philadelphia long before this time, and even concerts in 1740. [68] Mittelberger’s _Journey to Penn._, p. 114. [69] Cf. above, p. 17. [70] Cf. above, p. 18. [71] Spelled also Feyring. [72] _Pa. Gaz._, Dec. 23, 1762. [73] _Pa. Gaz._, Dec. 30, 1762. [74] _Pa. Journal_, July 7, 1748. [75] _Pa. Journal_, Jan. 2, 1750. CHAPTER III. SECULAR MUSIC. From the preceding chapter it has been clearly seen, that the Germans in Philadelphia, and indeed in the whole State, were strongly religious, and were celebrated for their church music and instrument makers, especially for their organ builders.