Early German music in PhiladelphiaDrummond, Robert Rutherford
History
Early German music in Philadelphia
Drummond, Robert Rutherford
Music -- Germany -- History and criticism; Music -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia -- History and criticism
On Nov. 26, 1688, Pastorious married Ennecke Klostermanns and had two
sons, whose descendants live at the present day. In 1691, Pastorious
was elected to the newly-created office of “Bürgermeister,” an office
to which he was chosen three other times. Besides this office, he was
for many years elected to the position of “Stadtschreiber,” and was
also schoolmaster at different times. He was known as a writer of some
talent, and composed poems, hymns, epigrams, etc., in Greek, Latin,
German, French, Dutch, English and Italian. I will close this bare
outline with Pastorious’ account of himself as quoted by Seidensticker:
“Der Verfasser dieses Manuscripts hat ein melancholis-chcholerisches
Temperament und ist daher, nach Culpepper, sanftmüthig, zu einem
nüchternen eingezogenen Leben disponirt, wissbegierig, unentschlossen,
bescheiden, schüchtern, bedächtig, standhaft, und zuverlässig in
seinen Handlungen, langsamen Witzes, vergesslich. Geschieht ihm
Unrecht, so trägt er es nicht nach.”
This remarkable man died Sept. 27, 1719.[4]
Pastorious’ hymns are up to the standard of most hymns written at that
time.
* * * * *
In point of time the next hymn-writers were the so-called “Hermits of
Wissahickon,” a band of men and women steeped in German mysticism, and
having a belief that the end of the world was soon to come and that
their one love should be the Lord Jesus Christ; so on this account
renouncing marriage as sinful. It was in this wilderness, beside the
Wissahickon Stream about eight miles from Philadelphia, that this band
of Pietists in the year 1694 took up their abode, and from whence
issued the strains of hymns, reminding one, in some instances of love
songs rather than praises to God.[5] There were in this congregation a
number of men of high culture and lofty aims such as Johann Kelpius,
Henry Bernhard Köster, Johann Gottfried Seelig, etc.
The most important man was Johann Kelpius, their leader, who composed
the greater number of their hymns.[6] Kelpius was the son of a pastor
in Denndorf in the Siebenbürgian district of Germany. He studied
theology at Altorf, where he was a pupil and favorite of the learned
doctor, Johann Fabricius.
“Fabricius vertrat,” says Seidensticker, “die sogenannte irensche
oder friedliebende Schule der Theologie, die von der bittern Fehde
gegen andere Confessionen absah. Kelpius, anfangs ein strenger
Calvinist, griff den Gedanken an ein innerliches Christenthum begierig
auf und bildete ihn unter andern Einflüssen weiter.”[7]
In 1689, Kelpius obtained his master’s degree. In the years following
he composed an essay entitled: “Scylla Theologica, aliquot exemplis
Patrum et Doctorum, etc.” About this time he must have obtained a
knowledge of the religion of the mystics, and must also have come under
the influence of Jacob Böhme’s philosophy, and Spener’s theosophy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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