Not one of the writers just mentioned professes to have seen the famous
“three books”;[752] but at a later date there were at least two works
which claimed to represent them. Diels has shown how a treatise in three
sections, entitled Παιδευτικόν, πολιτικόν, φυσικόν, was composed in the
Ionic dialect and attributed to Pythagoras. It was largely based on the
Πυθαγορικαὶ ἀποφάσεις of Aristoxenos, but its date is uncertain.[753] In
the first century B.C., Demetrios Magnes was able to quote the opening
words of the work published by Philolaos.[754] That, however, was
written in Doric. Demetrios does not actually say it was by Philolaos
himself, though it is no doubt the same work from which a number of
extracts are preserved under his name in Stobaios and later writers. If
it professed to be by Philolaos, that was not quite in accordance with
the original story; but it is easy to see how his name may have become
attached to it. We are told that the other book which passed under the
name of Pythagoras was really by Lysis.[755] Boeckh has shown that the
work ascribed to Philolaos probably consisted of three books also, and
Proclus referred to it as the _Bakchai_,[756] a fanciful title which
recalls the “Muses” of Herodotos. Two of the extracts in Stobaios bear
it. It must be confessed that the whole story is very suspicious; but,
as some of the best authorities still regard the fragments as partly
genuine, it is necessary to look at them more closely.
Footnote 752:
As Mr. Bywater says (_J. Phil._ i. p. 29), the history of this work
“reads like the history, not so much of a book, as of a literary
_ignis fatuus_ floating before the minds of imaginative writers.”
Footnote 753:
Diels, “Ein gefälschtes Pythagorasbuch” (_Arch._ iii. pp. 451 sqq.).
Footnote 754:
Diog. viii. 85 (R. P. 63 b). Diels reads πρῶτον ἐκδοῦναι τῶν
Πυθαγορικῶν <βιβλία καὶ ἐπιγράψαι Περὶ> Φύσεως.
Footnote 755:
Diog. viii. 7.
Footnote 756:
Proclus, _in Eucl._ p. 22, 15 (Friedlein). Cf. Boeckh, _Philolaos_,
pp. 36 sqq. Boeckh refers to a sculptured group of _three_ Bakchai,
whom he supposes to be Ino, Agaue, and Autonoe.
[Sidenote: The “Fragments of Philolaos.”]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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