And into that from which things take their rise they pass away once
more, “as is ordained; for they make reparation and satisfaction to
one another for their injustice according to the appointed time,” as
he says[102] in these somewhat poetical terms.—_Phys. Op._ fr. 2 (R.
P. 16).
And besides this, there was an eternal motion, in the course of which
was brought about the origin of the worlds.—Hipp. _Ref._ i. 6 (R. P.
17 a).
He did not ascribe the origin of things to any alteration in matter,
but said that the oppositions in the substratum, which was a boundless
body, were separated out.—Simpl. _Phys._ p. 150, 20 (R. P. 18).
Footnote 99:
See the conspectus of extracts from Theophrastos given by Diels,
_Dox._ p. 133; _Vors._ pp. 13 sqq. In this and other cases, where the
words of the original have been preserved by Simplicius, I have given
them alone. On the various writers quoted, see Appendix, § 9 sqq.
Footnote 100:
Simplicius says “successor and disciple” (διάδοχος καὶ μαθητής) in his
Commentary on the _Physics_; but see above, p. 52, n. 2.
Footnote 101:
For the expression τὰ καλούμενα στοιχεῖα, see Diels, _Elementum_, p.
25, n. 4. In view of this, we must keep the MS. reading εἶναι, instead
of writing νυνί with Usener.
Footnote 102:
Diels (_Vors._ p. 13) begins the actual quotation with the words ἐξ ὧν
δὲ ἡ γένεσις.... The Greek practice of blending quotations with the
text tells against this. It is very rare for a Greek writer to open a
verbal quotation abruptly. Further, it is safer not to ascribe the
terms γένεσις and φθορά in their technical Platonic sense to
Anaximander.
[Sidenote: The primary substance is not one of the “elements.”]
14. Anaximander taught, then, that there was one eternal, indestructible
substance out of which everything arises, and into which everything once
more returns; a boundless stock from which the waste of existence is
continually being made good. This is only the natural development of the
thought we have ventured to ascribe to Thales, and there can be no doubt
that Anaximander at least distinctly formulated it. Indeed, we can still
follow to some extent the reasoning which led him to do so. Thales had
regarded water as the most likely of all the things we know to be that
of which all others are forms; Anaximander appears to have asked himself
how the primary substance could be one of these particular things. His
argument seems to be preserved by Aristotle, who has the following
passage in his discussion of the Infinite:—
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