In a number of other places Aristotle speaks of a thinker, whom he does
not happen to name, who held that the primary substance was something
“intermediate between” the elements or between two of them.[108] Nearly
all the Greek commentators referred this to Anaximander also, but most
modern writers refuse to follow them. It is, no doubt, easy to show that
Anaximander can have never meant to describe the Boundless in this way,
but that is no real objection to the older interpretation. It is
difficult to see that it is more of an anachronism to call the Boundless
“intermediate between the elements” than to say that it is “distinct
from the elements”; and indeed, if once we introduce the elements at
all, the former description is in some ways the more adequate of the
two. At any rate, if we refuse to understand these passages as referring
to Anaximander, we shall have to say that Aristotle paid a great deal of
attention to some early thinker, whose very name has been lost, and who
not only agreed with some of Anaximander’s views, but also, as is shown
by one passage, used some of his most characteristic expressions.[109]
We may add that in one or two places Aristotle certainly seems to
identify the “intermediate” with the something “distinct from” the
elements.[110]
Footnote 108:
Aristotle speaks four times of something intermediate between Fire and
Air (_Gen. Corr._ Β, 1. 328 b 35; _ib._ 5. 332 a 21; _Phys._ Α, 4. 187
a 14; _Met._ Α, 7. 988 a 30). In five places we have something
intermediate between Water and Air (_Met._ Α, 7. 988 a 13; _Gen.
Corr._ Β, 5. 332 a 21; _Phys._ Γ, 4. 203 a 18; _ib._ 5. 205 a 27; _de
Caelo_, Γ, 5. 303 b 12). Once (_Phys._ Α, 6. 189 b 1) we hear of
something between Water and Fire. This variation shows at once that he
is not speaking historically. If any one ever held the doctrine of τὸ
μεταξύ, he must have known perfectly well which two elements he meant.
Footnote 109:
Arist. _de Caelo_, Γ, 5. 303 b 12, ὕδατος μὲν λεπτότερον, ἀέρος
πυκνότερον, ὃ περιέχειν φασὶ πάντας τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἄπειρον ὄν. That
this refers to Idaios of Himera, as suggested by Zeller (p. 258),
seems very improbable. Aristotle nowhere mentions his name, and the
tone of his reference to Hippon in _Met._ Α, 3. 984 a 3 (R. P. 219 a)
shows that he was not likely to pay so much attention to the ἐπίγονοι
of the Milesian school.
Footnote 110:
Cf. _Phys._ Γ, 5. 204 b 22 (R. P. 16 b), where Zeller rightly refers
τὸ παρὰ τὰ στοιχεῖα to Anaximander. Now, at the end (205 a 25) the
whole passage is summarised thus: καὶ διὰ τοῦτ’ οὐθεὶς τὸ ἓν καὶ
ἄπειρον πῦρ ἐποίησεν οὐδὲ γῆν τῶν φυσιολόγων, ἀλλ’ ἢ ὕδωρ ἢ ἀέρα ἢ τὸ
μέσον αὐτῶν. In _Gen. Corr._ Β, 1. 328 b 35 we have first τι μεταξὺ
τούτων σῶμά τε ὂν καὶ χωριστόν, and a little further on (329 a 9) μίαν
ὕλην παρὰ τὰ εἰρημένα. In Β, 5. 332 a 20 we have οὐ μὴν οὐδ’ ἄλλο τί
γε παρὰ ταῦτα, οἶον μέσον τι ἀέρος καὶ ὕδατος ἢ ἀέρος καὶ πυρός.
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