Both Professor Hester and I are especially obliged to Campbell Grant, amateur of anthropology as well as artist, for the many illustrations. Finally, in the typing of the original manuscript and the checking of the many references I was fortunate in having the aid of Miss Frankie Porter and of Joe Pavalko. Since we are not adding a repetitive bibliography to the almost four hundred references that we cite, we should like to list a few of the sources which we have found most useful and which should prove so to any reader who may wish to pursue further various aspects of the subject: Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., “Developments in the Problem of the North-American Paleo-Indian,” _Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections_, 100:51-116 (1940), and “The New World Paleo-Indian,” _Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1944_, 403-433. H. M. Wormington, _Ancient Man in North America_, 4th edit. (1957). E. H. Sellards, _Early Man in America_ (1952). Raymond W. Murray, _Man’s Unknown Ancestors_ (1943). _Early Man_, a symposium edited by George Grant MacCurdy (1937). _The American Aborigines_, a symposium edited by Diamond Jenness (1933). George Grant MacCurdy, _Human Origins_ (1924). Miles C. Burkitt, _The Old Stone Age_ (1933). W. J. Sollas, _Ancient Hunters and Their Modern Representatives_ (1924). W. B. Wright, _Tools and the Man_ (1939). André Vayson de Pradenne, _Prehistory_ (1940). Edith Plant, _Man’s Unwritten Past_ (1942). Hallam L. Movius, Jr., _Early Man and Pleistocene Stratigraphy in Southern and Eastern Asia_ (1944). Earnest A. Hooton, _Up from the Ape_ (1946). W. W. Howells, _Mankind in the Making_ (1959). Richard F. Flint, _Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch_ (1947) and _Glacial and Pleistocene Geology_ (1957). Roland B. Dixon, _Racial History of Man_ (1923). R. A. Daly, _The Changing World of the Ice Age_ (1934). Frederick E. Zeuner, _Dating the Past_, 4th edit. (1958). Robert H. Lowie, _The History of Ethnological Theory_ (1937). Marcellin Boule and Henri V. Vallois, _Fossil Men_, trans. by Michael Bullock (1957). Robert J. Braidwood, _Prehistoric Men_, 4th edit. (1959). K. M. March 1961 _University of California_ _Los Angeles 24, Calif_. CONTENTS _Foreword_ ix _Preface_ xi _Chapter 1._ 1 THIS SUDDEN NEW WORLD _A Secret Laboratory of Culture. Time-Tests by Travel, Tongues, and Physiques. From the Old Stone Age to the New. From Tools and Bones, Fossils and Rocks._