_Chapter 8._ 189 EARLY MAN AND THE GREAT EXTINCTION _A Twofold Problem. Myths and Mammoths. Archaeological Evidence of Recent Man and the Mastodon. Sloth and Camel in Dry Caves. The Folsom Bison Not Extinct? The Mystery of Extinction. More Radiocarbon Dates for Extinct Mammals._ _Chapter 9._ 207 PYGMIES, AUSTRALOIDS, AND NEGROIDS—BEFORE INDIANS? _The Mythical Indian Race. Racial Definition—the Field of the Physical Anthropologist. The Cephalic Index—and Others. What Skull Measurements Tell Us About Early Man. Europe Recognizes the Australoid in America. Hooton and Dixon on Early Invaders. A Potpourri of Races. Pygmies Before Australoids in the New World? Australoids, Negroids, and Men From Europe. No Mongoloids till 300_ B.C. _Siberian Caucasoids_. _Chapter 10._ 233 DID THE INDIAN INVENT OR BORROW HIS CULTURE? _Diffusion vs. Independent Invention. Bastian’s “Psychic Unity.” Complexity an Argument for Diffusion. Dispersion as Well as Diffusion. The Trap of Time. Escape from the Trap. Dead Alexander Invades America. Independent Inventions Neither Parallel Nor Diffused. What Diffusion of Plants and Art?_ _Chapter 11._ 261 THE INDIAN IN AGRICULTURE _Inventions—Some New, Some Old. American Plants and Their Cultivation. When and Where Did Our Agriculture Begin? The Indians Accomplishment in Agriculture. How Old Is Corn?_ _Chapter 12._ 277 PUZZLES, PROBLEMS AND HALF-ANSWERS _The Pendulum Swings. The Puzzle of the Skulls. The Puzzle of the Querns. The Puzzle of the Points. Was Our Early Man a Solutrean? Or Was the American Aurignacian or Magdalenian? Chopping Tools Instead of Hand Axes in Asia. Spinden’s Neolithic Blockade. Was the First Migration Interglacial? Geological Evidence and the Pluvials. In Sum._ _References in the Text_ 295 _References as to Illustrations_ 317 _Index_ 323 ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, AND TABLES