This was not the first discovery of a point with the peculiar “fluting”
illustrated on pages 147 and 148. Figgins had found one at Folsom in
1926, but its provenience had been denied. Koch may have found one under
a mastodon in 1839. Certainly the Smithsonian Institution acquired in
1893 a fluted point that was picked up in New Hampshire, and other
specimens have been discovered in old collections. But, in spite of the
fact that these points were very odd in shape and had never been found
in the Old World, scientists had paid little attention to them until
1927.
[Illustration: _The Lake Lahontan point, found in the glacial clays
of Nevada associated with the fossils of extinct mammals. (After
Russell, 1885.)_]
Figgins was not the first to discover spear points—of whatever
shape—with the fossils of extinct animals or with other evidence of
considerable age. In at least eight localities during the second half of
the nineteenth century men had made such finds; and there had been five
more finds in the first quarter of the twentieth. Some of the first
group won easy, if uncritical, acceptance; but antagonism to the flint
tools that C. C. Abbott found near Trenton, New Jersey, was so great
that he wrote: “Had the Delaware River been a European stream, the
implements found in its valley would have been accepted at once as
evidence of the so-called _Paleolithic man_.”[3] By 1925 almost everyone
seemed to have forgotten the obsidian blade that a museum director named
W J McGee had pulled out of the unmistakably glacial deposits of extinct
Lake Lahontan, Nevada, in 1882,[4] and the spear point that had been
found in 1895 under the shoulder blade of an extinct type of bison at
Russell Springs, Kansas.[5]
Discoveries after 1900 were, in a sense, more important because better
authenticated; but unfortunately they had to encounter the general
hostility to early man which had been bred by a more scientific approach
to American prehistory and nurtured by Hrdlička at Vero and Melbourne.
In 1924 the finding of a point under a bison at Lone Wolf Creek, Texas,
by men from the Denver Museum of Natural History went relatively
unnoticed.[6] Only harsh controversy welcomed the discovery, at
Frederick, Oklahoma, in 1926, of artifacts and a variegated array of
fossilized fauna in what the geologist E. H. Sellards believed was a
glacial formation.[7]
The Folsom discovery changed the hostile attitude of almost all
anthropologists toward early man. This was partly because the evidence
was so striking and unmistakable, but largely because of the fierce
white light of scientific publicity that was made to beat about a New
Mexico arroyo.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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