Between 1926 and 1948, more than sixty points of the classic Folsom type
appeared, and the number has grown since then. Many were discovered on
the surface, some in association with the bones of extinct animals,
particularly _Bison antiquus_. Most appeared in the general area of the
High Plains, but some on the west slope of the Rockies and in southern
Texas. Hundreds of Clovis and other fluted points have been found in the
field or recognized in collections; they have come from every state but
Hawaii, and from Canada. From north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska,
fluted points range southward through Canada, the United States,
Guatemala, and Costa Rica to the highlands of Ecuador.[10]
There has been some argument over whether the Folsom or the Clovis is
the older. John L. Cotter reported the finding of Clovis points and
elephant fossils near Clovis, New Mexico, in a level lower than one
containing Folsom and bison.[11] In 1948 Harrington pointed out that
Clovis has been found four times in association with the mammoth, as
well as once with the bison, but that, when the Folsom type is partnered
with fossils, these are almost invariably the bison’s.[12] (Later finds
bore him out.) The wholly extinct mammoth is usually presumed to be
older than the bison, one species of which still lives. Furthermore, in
Burnet Cave, New Mexico, a Clovis has been found with bones of an animal
of the musk-ox type.[13] Within fifty miles of the Mexican border, the
musk ox, says Roberts, is “generally considered good evidence of an
ice-age fauna.”[14] Folsom may be a localized expression of the basic
pattern, reaching perfection in the High Plains, while Clovis spread
more widely.
Two Other Folsom Sites—Clovis and Lindenmeier
The second site of classic Folsom was that near Clovis, investigated
first by Edgar B. Howard in 1932, and dated by the glacialist Ernst
Antevs and the geologist Kirk Bryan. It was notable on two counts. The
finds were in the dried beds of lakes that had apparently been formed in
the pluvial, or very wet, period which occurred at least as early as the
end of the last glaciation—11,000 to 12,000 years ago—and probably still
earlier. This time there were fossils of other extinct mammals besides
bison—mammoths, horses, camels, and peccaries. In addition to Folsom and
Clovis points, Howard found an unfluted artifact which he considered to
be a Folsom knife.[15]
[Illustration: _This map shows the chief sites where artifacts of
early man have been found in the Southwest. (After Hurst, 1945, with
some additions.)_]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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