Early Quaker education in PennsylvaniaWoody, Thomas
History
Early Quaker education in Pennsylvania
Woody, Thomas
Education -- Pennsylvania -- History; Society of Friends -- Education -- History; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The records of Bucks Quarterly Meeting are in very substantial agreement
with those of the individual meetings, Falls, Wrightstown, Middletown and
Buckingham, which constituted it.[1249] The question of the rightfulness
of buying or owning slaves seems to have come first to a conscious
consideration about 1730, when it was debated in the meeting.[1250] They
were unable to come to a decision in the matter and accordingly referred
it back to the yearly meeting.[1251] Though unsuccessful in debating
the question satisfactorily, their practical success seems to have been
very commendable, for in 1766 there is reported only one Negro purchased
lately throughout the quarter.[1252] This does not mean that no Negroes
were held, for as will be shown later there were many in that region;
it does mean, however, that their control of any increase in slaves was
very satisfactory to the yearly meeting’s demands. By 1772 the record has
still been greatly improved, as they report:
clear of importing or buying negroes as far as appears, but
their religious education is not so strictly attended to as the
import of the query seems to require.[1253]
Though all indications are to the effect that slave purchasing was near
the minimum, the meetings were clearly not satisfied. Committees were at
all times kept by both the quarterly and monthly meetings,[1254] to visit
with those who held slaves to persuade them to give them their freedom.
The committee for this service in the quarterly meeting reported in 1777:
[Sidenote: Report of committee on slaves]
We of the committee appointed by the quarterly meeting in
order to treat with our members who hold their fellowmen in
bondage, in connection with the several meetings committees,
now report that there has been considerable time spent in
laboring with them in order to convince them of the evil of
the practice, which labors of love have been by some kindly
received, and they have complied so far as to give those they
had in bondage their liberty by instruments of writing ... but
there are others who still persist in holding them as slaves,
notwithstanding the repeated care and labor of Friends extended
towards them.[1255]
[Sidenote: Meetings set up for Negroes]
The next report made in the eleventh month of the year is substantially
the same, several slaves having been “manumitted or set free,” and, also,
the defiant attitude being still present among some members.[1256] The
similarity of these reports continues till the very last years of the
century, with however a few additions. At some time prior to 1795, not
more than three years, there were established meetings for Negroes which
were held at stated times, always under the direction of Friends.[1257]
In 1799 the quarterly meeting was able to report “no slaves among us” and
that “some care” is extended to those set free.[1258]
[Sidenote: No mention made of separate school]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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