A consideration of periodicals of the _Tatler_, _Spectator_ and _Rambler_ class evidently lies beyond our present purpose; though Addison's papers on _Paradise Lost_ and similar articles show an occasional critical intent. The magazines, however, have in various instances shown such an extensive interest in matters literary that a brief account of their development will not be amiss. The primary distinction between the review and the magazine is well understood; the former criticizes, the latter entertains. Hence fiction, poetry and essays are better adapted than book-reviews to the needs of the literary magazine. As already stated, Peter Motteux's _Gentleman's Journal_ (1692-94) probably deserves recognition as the first English magazine, though its brief career is forgotten in the honor accorded to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, established in 1731 by Edward Cave and which, still under the editorship of "Sylvanus Urban, Gentleman," is now approaching its three hundredth volume. In the early days its lists of births, deaths, marriages, bankrupts, events, etc., must have made it a useful summary for the public. In literature it printed merely a "Register of New Books" without comment of any sort. It is exasperating to find such books as _Pamela_ or _Tom Jones_ listed among "New Publications" without a word of criticism or commendation. We could spare whole reams of pages devoted to "Army Promotions" and "Monthly Chronicle" for a few lines of literary review. Although the booksellers refused to aid Cave in establishing his magazine, the demonstration of its success brought forth numerous rivals. As they all followed Cave's precedent in ignoring literary criticism, it will suffice to mention merely the names of the _London Magazine_ (1732-79); the _Scots Magazine_ (1739-1817), continued as the _Edinburgh Magazine_ until 1826; the _Universal Magazine_ (1743-1815); the _British Magazine_ (1746-50); the _Royal Magazine_ (1759-71); and finally the _British Magazine, or Monthly Repository for Gentlemen and Ladies_ (1760-67) edited by Tobias Smollett, who published his _Sir Launcelot Greaves_ in its pages--perhaps the first instance of the serial publication of fiction. Goldsmith wrote some of his most interesting essays for Smollett's magazine.