Produced by David Starner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net +------------------------------------------------------------+ | Transcriber's Note: | | | | Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in | | this text. For a complete list, please see the bottom of | | this document. | | | +------------------------------------------------------------+ =Columbia University= STUDIES IN ENGLISH AND COMPARATIVE LITERATURE EARLY THEORIES OF TRANSLATION EARLY THEORIES OF TRANSLATION BY FLORA ROSS AMOS OCTAGON BOOKS A Division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux New York 1973 Copyright 1920 by Columbia University Press _Reprinted 1973 by special arrangement with Columbia University Press_ OCTAGON BOOKS A DIVISION OF FARRAR, STRAUS & GIROUX, INC. 19 Union Square West New York, N.Y. 10003 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Amos, Flora Ross, 1881- Early theories of translation. Original ed. issued in series: Columbia University studies in English and comparative literature. Originally presented as the author's thesis, Columbia. 1. Translating and interpreting. I. Title. II. Series: Columbia University studies in English and comparative literature. [PN241.A5 1973] 418'.02 73-397 ISBN 0-374-90176-7 _Printed in U.S.A. by_ NOBLE OFFSET PRINTERS, INC. New York, N.Y. 10003 TO MY FATHER AND MY MOTHER _This Monograph has been approved by the Department of English and Comparative Literature in Columbia University as a contribution to knowledge worthy of publication._ A. H. THORNDIKE, _Executive Officer_ PREFACE