_Nuremberg._--If Zainer at Augsburg was the first to introduce woodcut letters printed in black ink, the practice was adopted very soon after at Nuremberg, if indeed, setting aside the outline initials already mentioned, Nuremberg has not the priority as regards genuine ornamental woodcutting. For whereas the _Belial_ of 1472 is the first work mentioned by Butsch with woodcut letters at Augsburg, at Nuremberg, where J. Müller of Königsberg (Regiomontanus), as is stated by Panzer, settled in 1471, his first publication, the _Theoricae Novae Planetarum_ of Georgius Purbachius, is embellished with eight initials. These are interesting as affording another example of the fact that the earlier designs were generally taken from manuscripts, for Olschki, in his _Monumenta Typographica_, gives the reproduction of a manuscript initial which is of the same size and of the same pattern as the S we have given from the _Theoricae Novae_, and which contains besides eight smaller initials, D, L, M, O, P, Q, S, V, measuring 2·4 centimetres. There is a Q of the same style and size in the _Astronomicon_ of M. Manilius, published by Müller in 1473. Müller, or Regiomontanus, as he styles himself in his colophons, was not only a printer, but one of the most learned mathematicians of the day. In 1471 he printed a Calendarium of his own with many astronomical figures and woodcut initials. In 1476 Ratdolt and his partners printed an edition of this with a charming border and initials at Venice, and in 1496 it was published by J. Hamman de Landoia. In 1473 appeared the first German Bible with large pictorial initials, the Nuremberg Bible of Frisner and Sensenschmidt, known as the fourth German Bible. In our opinion the work on these initials is amongst the best of the time, and often much superior to what is to be found in ordinary illustrative cuts of the same date. The subjects are the same as in the Augsburg Bible, but the initials differ in being wider than tall in the Nuremberg edition, and in the absence of the Maiblümchen decorative border which is a feature of the others. After the German Bible, we know of no initials of very great interest in Nuremberg books for some years. Koberger, who reigned supreme in this town, did not favour their use.[17] [17] In a recent catalogue of thirty-seven works published by him, no woodcut initials occur in any. In 1489 a book was published, generally attributed to G. Stuchs, which is interesting in many ways.[18] The title, which is xylographic, runs as follows: ‘_Versehung leib sel er unnd gut_,’