The principal printer of Pavia, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, was Jacobus Paucidrapensis de Burgofranco, whose books have very handsome ornamental and historiated initials, the latter with portraits of celebrated men. His _Hyginus de Stellis_, published in 1513 at the expense of the heirs of ‘that late nobleman Octavianus Scot and his associates,’ has several. The D given here is from this volume. The O with another portrait, and the four other letters F, L, N, P, are also specimens of this press, but we have not been able to identify them more particularly. J. de Burgofranco also uses a smaller alphabet in the same style of ornament. Printing was introduced at Como in 1521, the seven initials given being taken from the first book printed there, the treatise of Vitruvius on Architecture. In this remarkably handsome volume, full of architectural diagrams and plans, there is, amongst others, an ‘elevation’ of the cathedral of Milan. Como had long been celebrated for the beauty of its situation, for the colophon, after giving the names of the ‘magnificent’ and ‘noble commentators,’ ‘emendators,’ and ‘castigators,’ states that the volume was printed by Gotardus de Ponte in the _Amoena & delecteuole citate de Como_. In one of the initials, a D, there is a view of a lake with sailing boats in a shower of rain, no doubt intended to be Como. The U with the Crucifixion and the O representing St. Jerome are our only specimens of the press of Guillaume le Signerre, a Rouen printer who set up at the beginning of the sixteenth century at Saluzzo. The book from which they are taken is an extremely handsome edition of the _Aureum Opus_ of Vivaldus, so often reprinted, and it has a full-page engraving with St. Jerome, the same subject as in one of the initials, and on another page the portrait of Le Signerre’s patron; at the end the printer’s mark. The colophon states that it was printed at Saluzzo by the most deserving brothers, Le Signerre of Rouen, at the expense of that most illustrious and clement prince, Lodovicus, Marquis of Saluzzo, and viceregent of Naples. With the exception of an insignificant floral letter at the beginning of the preface, the two initials given are the only ones in the book, the T with the Crucifixion occurring twice. The brothers Signerre would appear to have tried their fortune elsewhere before going to Saluzzo. In 1496 they were printing at Milan, giving the _Practica Musice_ of Franchini Gafori, with fine borders and initials. _Ferrara,[30] Milan, etc._--One of the most celebrated books of its day was the _De plurimis claris selectisque mulieribus_ of Philip Bergomensis, described as being revised and ‘castigated’ with great diligence by that ‘great doctor in theology, Master Albert de Placentia and brother Augustinus de Casili maiori,’ _Ferrarie impressum opera et impensa magistri Laurentii de Rubeis de Valencia_.