8. A. The granite needles of Harney Peak in the Black Hills of South Dakota 216 B. Castellated erosion chimneys in El Cobra Cañon, New Mexico 216 9. Map of the High Plains at the eastern front of the Rocky Mountains 220 10. A. View in Spitzbergen to illustrate the disintegration of rock under the control of joints 228 B. Composite pattern of the joint structures within recent alluvial deposits of the Syrian Desert 228 11. A. Ripple markings within an ancient sandstone 232 B. Wave breaking as it approaches the shore 232 12. A. V-shaped cañon cut in an upland recently elevated from the sea, San Clemente Island, California 256 B. A “hogback” at the base of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming 256 13. A. Precipitous front of the Bryant Glacier outlet of the Greenland inland ice 272 B. Lateral stream beside the Benedict Glacier outlet, Greenland 272 14. View of the margin of the Antarctic continental glacier in Kaiser Wilhelm Land 282 15. A. An Antarctic ice foot with boat party landing 290 B. A near view of the front of the Great Ross Barrier, Antarctica 290 16. A. Incised topography within the “driftless area” 300 B. Built-up topography within the glaciated region 300 17. A. Soled glacial bowlders which show differently directed striæ upon the same facet 306 B. Perched bowlder upon a striated ledge of different rock type, Bronx Park, New York 306 C. Characteristic knob and basin surface of a moraine 306 18. A. Fretted upland of the Alps seen from the summit of Mount Blanc 372 B. Model of the Malaspina Glacier and the fretted upland above it 372 19. A. Contour map of a grooved upland, Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming 372 B. Contour map of a fretted upland, Philipsburg Quadrangle, Montana 372 20. Map of the surface modeled by mountain glaciers in the Sierra Nevadas of California 376 21. A. View of the Harvard Glacier, Alaska, showing the characteristic terraces 394 B. The terminal moraine at the foot of a mountain glacier 394