From the island of Madagascar and neighbouring islands the following species of _Pheretima_ have been obtained and identified by Dr Michaelsen: viz. _Pheretima pentacystis_, _P. peregrinus_, _P. heterochaeta_, _P. biserialis_, _P. rodericensis_, _P. houlleti_, _P. robusta_, _P. mauritiana_, _P. taprobanae_, and _P. voeltzkovi_. It will be noticed that the majority of these are also included in the list from South America, and that many of them are also found in other parts of the world, and nearly all of them in the East. There remain a few which are doubtful. It is quite possible that _P. mauritiana_ is the same as _P. hawayana_ and _P. bermudensis_, in which case it has a world-wide range. _P. taprobanae_ is well known as a Ceylon species. _P. robusta_ also occurs in the East Indian islands. There remain _P. pentacystis_, _P. peregrinus_, and _P. voeltzkovi_. _P. peregrinus_ is known from Australia and also from Sumatra, so that that species need not concern us in enumerating those which are possibly endemic. In fact it is only _P. pentacystis_ and _P. voeltzkovi_ which may be really Mascarene. Another peregrine genus belonging to the sub-family Acanthodrilinae is _Microscolex_. But the limits of this genus may be regarded as at present rather uncertain. And this difficulty somewhat affects the bearing of the facts to be related, though it hardly affects the value of the facts themselves. Dr Michaelsen referred to the genus in his great work seven well-defined species, and four others not so plainly distinct. Of these eleven, two are confined to New Zealand, four to North and Central America, one to Hawaii, one to Madeira, one to Algeria, while the remaining two are found pretty well over the whole surface of the world. More recently the same authority has somewhat extended his view of the generic characters, so as to include a number of forms found in Patagonia, Cape of Good Hope, and the antarctic region generally, while he has lumped together into two species only, viz. _M. phosphoreus_ and _M. dubius_, the eleven forms just mentioned, which species therefore are absolutely world-wide in range, and thus form an excellent example of a peregrine form. These species moreover differ from _Pontoscolex_ and some others in that they have been able to establish themselves in Europe. Dr Michaelsen also relates that in the cultivated lands of South West Australia, _Microscolex dubius_ and _Helodrilus caliginosus_ are actually the commonest species; and he calculates that they form together quite 90% of the earthworms gathered in any locality belonging to this region.