Tropical Africa is evidently to be included in a third region which will be defined by the Eudrilidae, Microchaetinae among the Geoscolecidae, and by the great prevalence of _Dichogaster_, a genus whose occurrence in other parts of the tropics is perhaps not yet explained satisfactorily. Also we may record as characteristic of this Ethiopian region a few peculiar genera such as _Nannodrilus_ and _Gordiodrilus_. _Alma_ being a partly aquatic genus is perhaps less distinctive and as a matter of fact it strays into the Palaearctic region, being found in the lower waters of the Nile. It will be observed that with this exception the limits of the Ethiopian region according to earthworms agrees with that delimitation afforded by a consideration of other groups since it stops short at the Sahara, leaving northern Africa to be referred to the Palaearctic region. At the same time we have an analogy with South America as concerns the southern extremity of the African continent; here we meet with _Notiodrilus_ and allied Acanthodrilinae just as in Patagonia and--as also in that quarter of the world--these forms just stray into the Ethiopian region above--specimens of _Notiodrilus_ being met with in Madagascar as well as in tropical Africa. This bit of Africa as it appears to me must also be cut off from the Ethiopian region and included in an Antarctic region. Madagascar offers a further problem. Are we to include this in Ethiopia or speak of a Malagasy region? Apart from a few forms which are at least possibly to be looked upon as accidental immigrants, such as members of the genera _Pheretima_ and _Gordiodrilus_, the fauna of Madagascar consists mainly of many species of _Kynotus_. This genus, a member of the sub-family Microchaetinae, of the family Geoscolecidae, affines Madagascar to Ethiopia and leads me to place both in the same region though we may doubtless speak of a Malagasy sub-region.