Ecological Observations on the Woodrat, Neotoma floridanaRainey, Dennis G.
Science
Ecological Observations on the Woodrat, Neotoma floridana
Rainey, Dennis G.
Wood rats
had wandered from their maternal houses, for unknown reasons. On one
occasion a young woodrat was caught in a mouse trap set in a meadow, a
habitat into which adult woodrats would scarcely be expected to
venture.
_Feeding_
Rainey (1956) has listed 31 food plants that are used by the woodrat in
northeastern Kansas. He has emphasized that each rat usually obtains its
food from plants growing in the immediate vicinity of its house, and
that individuals thus differ greatly in their feeding, according to the
local vegetation. Therefore, with a sufficiently large number of
observations, the list of food plants might be greatly expanded, to
include most of the local flora, with the exception of the relatively
few kinds that have developed strongly repellent properties rendering
them unpalatable to herbivores in general.
At the quarry where one or more woodrats usually lived beneath metal
strips, as described previously (under the heading of "Commensals"), the
situation seemed to be especially favorable, despite the fact that the
metal offered no insulation from extremes of heat in summer and cold in
winter. Perhaps the rat had an alternative nest among nearby boulders,
to use when temperature was unendurable beneath the metal.
The rat itself, the stored food, and other details of its home life,
could be observed with a minimum of disturbance by raising one side of
the metal strip momentarily, then carefully lowering it into place. The
following observations made in the summer and autumn of 1948 give some
idea of the range of food plants stored at any one time and the change
as the season progresses.
July 12: Bundles of leaves of carrion-flower (_Smilax
herbacea_); 15 green pods of honey locust (_Gleditsia
triacanthos_) with seeds eaten out; several green fruits of
osage orange (_Maclura pomifera_), and several seeds of
coffee-tree (_Gymnocladus dioica_).
July 24: Bundles of green leaves of osage orange and
carrion-flower; many pods of honey locust.
August 30: Three large clusters of the fruits of pokeberry
(_Phytolacca americana_).
October 20: Many small clusters of grapes (_Vitis vulpina_)
judged to weigh perhaps one pound in all; several old pods
of coffee-tree and a few berries of dogwood (_Cornus
Drummondi_) and of pokeberry; a pile of small acorns of
chinquapin oak (_Quercus prinoides_); dry seed heads of
grass (_Bromus inermis_ and _B. japonicus_).
December 22: Many twigs of bittersweet (_Celastrus
scandens_) with fruits still attached; several seed heads of
sunflower (_Helianthus annuus_); a few acorns of chinquapin
oak; fragments of the fruit of osage orange; cured bundles
of trefoil (_Desmodium glutinosum_), carrion-flower, and
tickle grass (_Panicum capillare_).
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