Ecological Studies of the Timber Wolf in Northeastern MinnesotaMech, L. David
Science
Ecological Studies of the Timber Wolf in Northeastern Minnesota
Mech, L. David
Deer -- Minnesota; Gray wolf -- Behavior -- Minnesota; Gray wolf -- Ecology -- Minnesota
This study was supported by Macalester College, the Minnesota
Department of Conservation, the USDA Forest Service, the U.S. Bureau of
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, and the New York Zoological Society.
Pilots John Winship, Pat Magie, Jack Burgess, and Don Murray flew the
observation planes during radiotracking. Miss Elizabeth Dayton, Mr.
Wallace C. Dayton, and the Quetico-Superior Foundation, all of
Minneapolis, financed Mech during the writing of this report.
Thanks are also due L. J. Verme, J. P. Kelsall, and J. M. Peek for
their helpful reviews.
LITERATURE CITED
Foromozov, A. N. 1946. The snow cover as an environment factor and its
importance in the life of mammals and birds. (Moskovskoe obshchestvo
ispytatelei priroda) Materialy k poznaniyu fauny i flory SSSR, Otdel.
Zool. n. 5 (XX). (Translation from Russian published by Boreal
Institute, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.)
Kelsall, J. P. 1968. The caribou. Can. Wildl. Serv. Monog. 3, 340 p.
Kelsall, J. P. 1969. Structural adaptations of moose and deer for snow.
J. Mammal. 50: 302-310.
Mech, L. D. 1966. Hunting behavior of wolves in Minnesota. J. Mammal.
47: 347-348.
Mech, L. D. 1970. The wolf: the ecology and behavior of an endangered
species. 389 p. New York: Natural History Press, Doubleday.
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life of ungulates in the U.S.S.R. Moskva, Akademiya Nauk SSSR. 403 p.
Pimlott, D. H., Shannon, J. A., and Kolenosky, G. B. 1969. The ecology
of the timber wolf in Algonquin Provincial Park. Out. Dep. Lands and
Forests Res. Rep. (Wildl.) 87, 92 p.
Rutter, R. J., and Pimlott, D. H. 1968. The world of the wolf. 202 p.
Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Stenlund, M. H. 1955. A field study of the timber wolf (_Canis lupus_)
on the Superior National Forest, Minnesota. Minn. Conserv. Dep. Tech.
Bull. 4, 55 p.
Verme, L. J. 1968. An index of winter severity for northern deer. J.
Wildl. Manage. 32: 566-574.
THE POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE OF THE GREAT PLAINS WOLF
IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA
L. David Mech and L. D. Frenzel, Jr.
The timber wolf (_Canis lupus_) of northeastern Minnesota occupies an
area within the range given by Goldman (1944) for the eastern timber
wolf (_C. l. lycaon_ Schreber). However, this area is within 150 miles
of the eastern edge of the former range of the Great Plains wolf (_C.
l. nubilus_ Say), and there is some question as to whether the
Minnesota wolf is really an intergrade between these two subspecies.
Writing of _nubilus_, Goldman (1944, p. 444) stated: "Specimens from
eastern Minnesota and Michigan seem more properly referable to
_lycaon_, but relationship to _nubilus_ is shown in somewhat
intermediate characters."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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