One male and four female wolves were radiotagged, and they and their associates were followed intermittently for periods of 5 to 8 months (table 2). All except one initially suffered some injury to a foot. Three of these animals were seen limping, but only in one case was the limp judged extreme enough to have significantly affected the movements or behavior of the animal. In that one case, the wolf (No. 1057) was caught in a steel trap on an extremely cold night, and her foot froze. After that she was often seen hopping on three legs. She was not able to keep up with her pack, which consisted of 10 to 13 members, and her movements were much restricted compared with those of other wolves. However, she was frequently observed feeding on fresh kills, and may even have made them herself. _Table 1.--Sizes of wolf population units observed in northeastern Minnesota_ #: _Number_ %: _Percent_ +------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | | Wolf observations | |Population unit[3]+----------+----------+----------+----------+ |(number of wolves)| Winter | Winter | Total |Winters[4]| | | 1966-67 | 1968-69 | | 1948-53 | +------------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ | # % # % # % # % | | 1 8 31 17 33 25 32 48 43 | | 2 3 12 6 12 9 12 24 22 | | 3 3 12 2 4 5 6 7 6 | | 4 -- -- 7 14 7 9 7 6 | | 5 2 7 4 8 6 8 8 7 | | 6 3 12 4 8 7 9 7 6 | | 7 2 7 1 2 3 4 4 4 | | 8 3 12 3 6 6 8 3 3 | | 9 -- -- 2 4 2 3 3 3 | | 10 2 7 2 4 4 5 -- -- | | 11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- | | 12 -- -- 1 2 1 1 1 1 | | 13 -- -- 2 4 2 3 -- -- | | --------------------------------------------+ |Total number | | of wolves 109 -- 214 -- 323 -- 318 -- | |Total number | | of observations 26 -- 51 -- 77 -- 112 -- | |Mean population | | unit size 4.2 -- 4.2 -- 4.2 -- 2.8 -- | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ FOOTNOTES: [3] Because wolf packs sometimes split temporarily, these figures may not strictly represent actual pack sizes; nevertheless they should provide reasonably accurate approximations. [4] From Stenlund (1955).