Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern Kansas — John Shaqi
Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern KansasFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern Kansas
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Opossums
Opossums, like other animals, obviously make various types of
movements. Ordinarily one tends to keep within a relatively small area
that is familiar to it and that satisfies all its ecological
requirements. This constitutes its home range. Many other animals,
including various mammals, are characterized by territoriality;
individuals, pairs or groups occupy definite areas, defended as
territories, to the exclusion of other members of their species. Like
Lay (_loc. cit._) we found no evidence of territoriality in the
opossum. In general, opossums are unsocial but not intolerant in their
behavior. In the present study numerous individuals of both sexes and
various sizes and ages were found to be occupying the same area
simultaneously, with overlapping but no exact correspondence in home
ranges. Occasionally two or more opossums may use the same den, but
each goes its own way on its foraging and it seems that no sociability
is involved.
On many occasions opossums were tracked in soft snow or mud which
retained footprints. Under conditions prevailing locally, it was
difficult to follow such a trail for any great distance but trailing
did divulge information concerning the type of route followed and the
method of foraging. Opossums were found to have little inclination to
follow beaten trails, either their own or those of other animals. A
foraging opossum moved about in an extremely circuitous and erratic
route, seldom taking more than a few steps without a change of
direction, and frequently crossing its own course in a series of
loops, some only a few feet or a few inches in diameter. In moving
about, it is guided partly by the tactile and olfactory stimuli of
objects on or beneath the ground surface which are potential food
sources. Foraging consists of a succession of tests of such objects,
as the animal moves from one to another. Opossums may habitually
follow intermittent creeks or gullies or even roads when these provide
better foraging than does the adjoining habitat. Metamorphosing
amphibians may provide such a food source along a creek and the supply
of crushed insects or other small animals along a road attracts the
opossum. Food is found by turning chips and leaves, and by poking and
probing in chinks and crevices with its snout and paws. On a few
occasions short, well worn trails made by opossums were found, from
dens to near-by feeding areas where grape tangles provided an abundant
and readily available food source over periods of weeks. More often,
an opossum follows no trail in its search for food, but seems to
wander at random within its home range.
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