Now I would ask, Are the people who live under our laws better fed because there is _less_ bread, meat, and sugar in the country? Are they better clothed, because there is _less_ cloth and linen? Better warmed, because there is _less_ coal? Better assisted in their labour, because there are _fewer_ tools and _less_ iron, copper, and machinery? But it may be said, If the foreigner _inundates_ us with his products, he will carry away our money. And what does it matter? Men are not fed on money. They do not clothe themselves with gold, or warm themselves with silver. What matters it whether there is more or less money in the country, if there is more bread on our sideboards, more meat in our larders, more linen in our wardrobes, more firewood in our cellars. Restrictive laws always land us in this dilemma:-- Either you admit that they produce scarcity, or you do not. If you admit it, you avow by the admission that you inflict on the people all the injury in your power. If you do not admit it, you deny having restricted the supply and raised prices, and consequently you deny having favoured the producer. What you do is either hurtful or profitless, injurious or ineffectual. It never can be attended with any useful result. II. OBSTACLE, CAUSE. The obstacle mistaken for the cause,--scarcity mistaken for abundance,--this is the same sophism under another aspect; and it is well to study it in all its phases. Man is originally destitute of everything. Between this destitution and the satisfaction of his wants, there exist a multitude of _obstacles_ which labour enables us to surmount. It is curious to inquire how and why these very obstacles to his material prosperity have come to be mistaken for the cause of that prosperity. I want to travel a hundred miles. But between the starting-point and the place of my destination, mountains, rivers, marshes, impenetrable forests, brigands--in a word, _obstacles_--interpose themselves; and to overcome these obstacles, it is necessary for me to employ many efforts, or, what comes to the same thing, that others should employ many efforts for me, the price of which I must pay them. It is clear that I should have been in a better situation if these obstacles had not existed.