The disadvantages of such a system are, first, that though in practice
it is found usually stable, yet in theory it is not necessarily stable,
and in practice also there are some communities the social character of
which is such that the system cannot be established permanently.
It is obvious that, with land and the means of production well
distributed among the various families, a few may by luck or special
perseverance and cunning, tend to buy up the land and implements of
their less fortunate neighbours, and nothing will prevent this but a
set of laws backed up by strong public opinion. In other words, people
must desire this state of society, and desire it strongly in order to
maintain it; and if the desire for ownership and freedom is weak this
distributive arrangement will not last.
In the absence of special laws, and a public opinion to back them,
the idler or the least competent or least lucky of the owners will
gradually lose their ownership to the more industrious or the more
cunning or more fortunate.
Another disadvantage which has often been pointed out is that a state
of society of this sort, though usually stable and enduring, falls
into a routine (that is, into a traditional way of doing things),
which it is very difficult to change. The small owner will not have
the same opportunities for travel and for wide experience as the rich
man has, and he will tend to go on as his fathers did, and therefore
when some new invention arises outside his society he will be slow to
adopt it. In this way his society becomes less able to defend itself
from predatory neighbours and goes under in war. For a society of this
kind is unfitted to the discovery of new things. Contented men feel no
special spur to discover or to act on such discovery. That is why we
find societies in which land and all the other means of production are
well distributed among the greater part of the families of the State
becoming too conservative--that is, unwilling to change even for their
own advantage.
This, of course, is not universally true. For instance: no society in
Europe has made more progress in agriculture than the Danish society
of small owners. But, take the world all over, this kind of state is
usually backward, that is, slow to take up improvements in production
and to avail itself of new discoveries in physical science.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account