Written, and in part delivered, as an Introductory Lecture to the Class of English Literature in the University of Edinburgh in the Session 1867–8. Footnote 3: A scrap from unpublished MSS. Footnote 4: From _The Scotsman_ of 29th December 1890. Footnote 5: Written in 1883, in the form of a Lecture. Footnote 6: Written in 1883, as a lecture for the Class of English Literature in the Edinburgh Association for the University Education of Women. Footnote 7: Reprinted, with some modifications, from the _Westminster Review_ for Oct.–Dec. 1856; where it appeared, with the title “Edinburgh Fifty Years Ago,” in the form of an article on Lord Cockburn’s “Memorials of Edinburgh,” then just published. Footnote 8: Opening Address to Session 1890–1 of The Philosophical Institution of Edinburgh. Footnote 9: From _Macmillan’s Magazine_ for November and December 1881 and January 1882. Footnote 10: Another incident which he told me of his first boyish saunterings about Edinburgh is more trivial in itself, but of some interest as showing his observant habits and sense of humour at that early age:—For some purpose or other, he was going down Leith Walk, the long street of houses, stone-yards, and gaps of vacant space, which leads from Edinburgh to its sea-port of Leith. In front of him, and also walking towards Leith, was a solid, quiet-looking countryman. They had not gone far from Edinburgh when there advanced to them from the opposite direction a sailor, so drunk that he needed the whole breadth of the footpath to himself. Taking some umbrage at the countryman, the sailor came to a stop, and addressed him suddenly, “Go to H——,” looking him full in the face. “’Od, man, I’m gaun to Leith,” said the countryman, as if merely pleading a previous engagement, and walked on, Carlyle following him and evading the sailor. Footnote 11: Quoted by Mr. Froude in his article, “The Early Life of Thomas Carlyle,” in the _Nineteenth Century_ for July 1881. Footnote 12: Quoted by Mr. Froude, _ut supra_. Footnote 13: Printed in an appendix to Mr. Moncure D. Conway’s Memoir of Carlyle (1881), with other fragments of letters which had been copied from the originals by Mr. Alexander Ireland of Manchester, and which Mr. Ireland put at Mr. Conway’s disposal. The date of this fragment is “August 1814”; and, as it is evidently a reply to Murray’s letter of “July 27,” I have ventured to dissent from Mr. Froude’s conjectural addition of “1816?” to the dating of that letter. Footnote 14: