Education; Educational psychology; Moral education
But even in the case of parents who are highly educated, conscientious,
and not too busy, the children cannot get as much of what they need
as in a nursery-school. First and foremost, they do not get the
companionship of other children of the same age. If the family is
small, as such families usually are, the children may easily get too
much attention from their elders, and may become nervous and precocious
in consequence. Moreover, parents cannot have the experience of
multitudes of children which gives a sure touch. And only the rich can
provide the space and the environment that best suits young children.
Such things, if provided privately for one family of children,
produce pride of possession and a feeling of superiority, which are
extraordinarily harmful morally. For all these reasons, I believe
that even the best parents would do well to send their children to a
suitable school from the age of two onwards, at least for part of the
day--provided such a school existed in their neighbourhood.
There are, at present, two kinds of schools, according to the status
of the parents. There are Froebel schools and Montessori schools for
well-to-do-children, and there are a small number of nursery-schools
for very poor children. Of the latter, the most famous is Miss
McMillan’s, of which the above-mentioned book gives an account which
should be read by every lover of children. I am inclined to think that
no existing school for well-to-do children is as good as hers, partly
because she has larger numbers, partly because she is not troubled by
the fussiness which middle-class snobbery obtrudes upon teachers. She
aims at keeping children, if possible, from one year old till seven,
though the education authorities incline to the view that the children
ought to go to an ordinary elementary school at the age of five.
The children come at eight in the morning, and stay till six in the
evening; they have all their meals in the school. They spend as much as
possible of their time out-of-doors, and indoors they have an abnormal
amount of fresh air. Before a child is admitted, he or she is medically
examined, and if possible cured at the clinic or in the hospital if
not healthy. After admission, the children become and remain healthy
with very few exceptions. There is a large, lovely garden, and a good
deal of the time is spent in playing there. The teaching is broadly on
Montessori lines. After dinner the children all sleep. In spite of the
fact that at night, and on Sundays, they have to be in poverty-stricken
homes, perhaps in cellars with drunken parents, their physique and
intelligence become equal to the best that middle-class children
achieve. Here is Miss McMillan’s account of her seven-year-old pupils:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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