Education; Educational psychology; Moral education
If I were at the head of a school for older boys and girls, I should
consider it equally undesirable to shirk current questions and to do
propaganda about them. It is a good thing to make pupils feel that
their education is fitting them to cope with matters about which the
world is excited; it gives them a sense that scholastic teaching is
not divorced from the practical world. But I should not urge my own
views upon the pupils. What I should do is to put before them the ideal
of a scientific attitude to practical questions. I should expect them
to produce arguments that are arguments, and facts that are facts. In
politics, especially, this habit is as rare as it is valuable. Every
vehement political party generates a cocoon of myth, within which its
mentality peacefully slumbers. Passion, too often, kills intellect;
in intellectuals, on the contrary, intellect not infrequently kills
passion. My aim would be to avoid both these misfortunes. Passionate
feeling is desirable, provided it is not destructive; intellect is
desirable, with the same proviso. I should wish the fundamental
political passions to be constructive, and I should try to make the
intellect serve these passions. But it must serve them genuinely,
objectively, not only in the world of dreams. When the real world is
not sufficiently flattering we all tend to take refuge in an imaginary
world, where our desires are gratified without great effort. This
is the essence of hysteria. It is also the source of nationalist,
theological, and class myths. It shows a weakness of character which
is almost universal in the present world. To combat this weakness
of character should be one of the aims of later school education.
There are two ways of combating it, both necessary, though in a sense
opposites. The one is to increase our sense of what we can achieve in
the world of reality; the other is to make us more sensitive to what
reality can do in the way of dispelling our dreams. Both are comprised
in the principle of living objectively rather than subjectively.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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