Produced by Don Kostuch [Transcriber's note] This is derived from a copy on the Internet Archive: http://www.archive.org/details/educationhowold00walsgoog Page numbers in this book are indicated by numbers enclosed in curly braces, e.g. {99}. They have been located where page breaks occurred in the original book. Obvious spelling errors have been corrected but "inventive" and inconsistent spelling is left unchanged. Unusual use of quotation marks is also unchanged. Extended quotations and citations are indented. Footnotes have been renumbered to avoid ambiguity, and relocated to the end of the enclosing paragraph. [End Transcriber's note] EDUCATION HOW OLD THE NEW BY JAMES J. WALSH, M.D., Ph.D., Litt. D. Dean and Professor of the History of Medicine and of Nervous Diseases at Fordham University School of Medicine; Professor of Physiological Psychology at the Cathedral College, New York. SECOND IMPRESSION NEW YORK FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS 1911 COPYRIGHT. 1910, BY JAMES J. WALSH Published October 20th, 1910 Second Impression March 20th, 1911 THE QUINN & BODEN CO. PRESS RAMWAY, N.J. TO THE _Xavier Alumni Sodality_ Most of the thoughts contained in this volume were originally expressed at our breakfasts. It seems only fitting, then, that on presentation to a larger audience they should be dedicated to you. J. J. W. _Our Lady's Day._ August 15, 1910 {v} PREFACE The reason for publishing this volume of lectures and addresses is the persuasion that present-day educators are viewing the history of education with short-sighted vision. An impression prevails that only the last few generations have done work of serious significance in education. The history of old-time education is neglected, or is treated as of at most antiquarian interest and there is a failure to understand its true value. The connecting link between the lectures and addresses is the effort to express in terms of the present what educators were doing in the past. Once upon a time, when I proclaimed the happiness of the English workmen of the Middle Ages, the very positive objection was raised, "How could they be happy since their wages were only a few cents a day?" For response it was only necessary to point out that for his eight cents, the minimum wage by act of Parliament, the workman could buy a pair of handmade shoes, that being the maximum price established by law, and other necessaries at similar prices. If old-time education is studied with this same care to translate its meaning into modern values, then the very oldest education of which we have any record takes on significance even for our time. {vi}