My own educational interests have been taken up much more of late years with medicine than with other phases of this subject. Hence the {viii} volume contains certain addresses relating to the history of medical education. They are more intimately linked with the general subject of education than might perhaps be thought. We have had finely organized medical education at a number of times in the past, and, indeed, at the present moment can find inspiration and incentive in studying the legal regulation of medicine and of medical education in what might seem to be so-unpromising a time as the thirteenth century. For true educational progress there has always been need of close sympathy between the non-professional and the professional department of universities. Only when the professional schools are real graduate departments, requiring under-graduate training for admission, is the university doing its work properly. This was the rule in the past--hence the precious lessons for the present in the story of these old-time universities. These lectures and addresses were actually delivered, not merely read. They were written with that purpose. Certain repetitions that would have been avoided if the articles had been prepared directly for reading and not for an audience, may be noted. Some of the subjects overlap and certain phases had to be treated usually in variant form in different lectures. For these faults the reader's indulgence is craved. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. EDUCATION, HOW OLD THE NEW 8 II. THE FIRST MODERN UNIVERSITY 63 III. MEDIAEVAL SCIENTIFIC UNIVERSITIES 93 IV. IDEAL POPULAR EDUCATION 155 V. CYCLES OF FEMININE EDUCATION AND INFLUENCE 199 VI. THE CHURCH AND FEMININE EDUCATION 273 VII. ORIGINS IN AMERICAN EDUCATION 299 VIII. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION FOR SIX THOUSAND YEARS 349 IX. UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOLS 377 X. THE COLLEGE MAN IN LIFE 403 XI. NEW ENGLANDISM 433 EDUCATION, HOW OLD THE NEW "Nothing under the sun is new, neither is any man able to say: Behold this is new: For it hath already gone before in the ages that were before us." --_Ecclesiastes i:10_. "Nullum est jam dictum, quod non dictum sit prius." --Terence, _Eun. Prol.,_ 41. [Nothing is now said which was not said before.] St. Jerome relates that his preceptor Donatus, commenting on this passage of Terence, used to say: "Pereant qui ante nos nostra dixerunt." [May they perish who said our good things before us.] {3} EDUCATION, HOW OLD THE NEW [Footnote 1]