(2) By a clause which forms a postscript to Rubric XVI., it was provided that "sons of noble and powerful persons ... to the number of ten _might_ be instructed and informed in grammar within the college, without charge to the college." This clause Mr. Leach describes as containing the "germ" of the public school system, and he claims that he has traced among the early commoners of the college "young noblemen, scions of county families and relations of judges and chancery officials." We contend that this does not apply to the case at all, inasmuch as "parlour boarders," as Mr. Leach himself points out,[619] had frequently been received in monastic houses. Even apart from the fact that the details which he gives are meagre, and that his conclusions are by no means demonstrated, it may be maintained that the presence of wealthy boys at school, under special circumstances, does not invalidate the contention that the boys normally found there were the "poor and needy." Thus Dr. Hastings Rashdall, in speaking of the students at the university, states that "there was the scion of the princely or noble house who lived in the style to which he was accustomed at home, in a hostel of his own with a numerous 'familia' including poorer but well born youths who dressed like him.... At the other end of the social ladder there was the poor scholar, reduced to beg for his living, or to become the servitor of a college, or of a master or well-to-do student."[620] If the poor, in the sense of those who had to beg for a living or earn it, whilst they were at college, by manual labour, were not excluded from the university, why should it be assumed that they did not rank among the "pauperes et indigentes scolares" for whom Winchester College was expressly founded? We may also point out that it was not customary, at this time, for boys of good family, or even the sons of wealthy and prosperous merchants and tradesmen, to be educated by being sent to school. The instances which may be given are few and inconclusive. The usual practice adopted for the education of these young people, as we have shown, was either by sending them to a great household or, at a later date, by having a private tutor in the house. Evidence may also be adduced to show that youths of good social standing rarely proceeded to the universities at this time. Thus Dr. Furnivall points out that, up to the close of the sixteenth century, only three names of noblemen and nine of sons of knights are mentioned in Cooper's _Athenae Cantabrigienses_ and only nineteen men of noble or knightly birth in Wood's _Athenae Oxonienses_.[621] We may next pass to consider the evidence for the contention which we advance, that, when Wykeham built his college, he intended it for those who were too poor to pay for an education, irrespective of their social position, and that the term "poor" did not exclude the children of men who were members of the labouring classes of the community.