CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 BOOK I.--THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD. I. THE WORK OF THE MONASTERIES 3 II. EDUCATION UNDER THE SECULAR CLERGY 17 III. THE EDUCATIONAL REVIVAL 31 BOOK II.--THE CHURCH IN CONTROL OF EDUCATION. INTRODUCTORY 44 I. EDUCATIONAL LABOURS OF THE MONASTERIES 55 II. SOME TERMS IN DISPUTE 63 III. ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATION BY THE SECULAR CLERGY 76 IV. THE MONOPOLY OF SCHOOL KEEPING 92 V. THE APPOINTMENT AND TENURE OF MASTERS 104 VI. THE EDUCATION OF THE SONS OF THE NOBILITY 117 BOOK III.--EDUCATION PASSING OUT OF CHURCH CONTROL. I. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES 124 II. THE RISE OF THE UNIVERSITIES 132 III. GILDS AND VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS 144 IV. CHANTRIES 157 V. MONASTICISM AND EDUCATION IN THE LATER MIDDLE AGES 170 VI. THE ORIGIN OF THE GREAT PUBLIC SCHOOLS 188 VII. UNIVERSITY COLLEGES, COLLEGES AND COLLEGIATE CHURCHES IN THE LATER MIDDLE AGES 202 VIII. CURRICULUM AND METHOD 216 IX. THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATION 232 APPENDIX 245 INDEX 256 INTRODUCTION. The history of education during the Middle Ages is closely interwoven with the history of the Church. Professor Foster Watson quotes with approval Cardinal Newman's dictum, "Not a man in Europe who talks bravely against the Church but owes it to the Church that he can talk at all."[1] It is possible to trace three stages in the development of the English educational system during the period with which we are concerned.