Then, also, the accessible part of his dwelling has a special
destination which regulates the pose of the statues: it is, in fact,
his reception-room, where on certain days the family assembled to
present the offerings to him, in more prosaic words, to dine with
him. Whether his statue was visible in one of the open chambers or
invisible in the _Serdâb_,[42] it was his substitute. It is sufficient
to look at the neighbouring bas-reliefs to discover what were the
official attitudes of the dead man in the tomb. He was present at
the preliminaries of the sacrifice, the sowing and the harvest, the
rearing of the cattle, fishing, hunting, the execution of crafts, and
he saw all the works carried out for the _eternal dwelling_: he was
then standing, one foot in advance, head erect, hands hanging down, or
armed with the staff of command. Elsewhere, one after the other, the
different courses of the meal are served him, cakes, wines, canonical
meats, fruits which he needs in the world of the dead: then he is
seated in an armchair alone or with his wife. The sculptor employed for
his statues the two positions he has in the paintings: standing, he
receives the homage of his vassals; seated, he takes part in the meal.
And in the same way the statues which embody the members of the family
and of the household have likewise the attitude suited to their rank
and occupation. The wife is sometimes standing, sometimes sitting on
the same seat as her husband, or on a separate one; sometimes, as in
life, crouching at his feet. The son wears the costume of childhood, if
the statue was carved while he was still a child, or the costume and
attitude of his office if he was an adult. The acting scribe crouches,
the roll spread on his knees, as if he was writing from dictation or
reading from an account-book.[43] The slave grinds the corn, the bakers
knead the dough, the cellarers pitch their amphoras, the mourners
lament and tear their hair as it was their duty to do in the world
above; each individual is occupied according to his condition. The
social hierarchy followed the Egyptian after death, and it regulated
the pose of the statue after, as it had regulated that of the model
before, death. Up to a certain point it is the same to-day, and he who
carves the statue of a printer is careful not to attribute to him the
action and costume of a miner or a sailor. These statues, shut up in
the tomb, formed a sort of tableau in which each person held for ever
the pose characteristic of his rank or his profession. The artist was
free to vary the detail and regulate the accessories according to his
fancy, but he could not change the general disposition without injuring
the utility of his work.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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