What will happen? Evidently, our observer will see the train of earthly
events in inverse order, because in the course of his voyage he will
catch up in succession the luminous waves which left the earth before
him. The farther away they are, the longer it must be since they left
the earth. After a time our man, or our superman, will witness the
Battle of the Marne. He will first see the field strewn with the
dead. Gradually the dead men will rise and join their regiments, and
presently they will be seen in groups in Gallieni’s taxis, which will
travel backwards at full speed to Paris, arriving in the midst of a
population that is extremely anxious about the issue of the struggle,
and the soldiers will, naturally, be unable to give them any news. In
a word, our observer will, if he recedes from the earth at a speed
greater than that of light, see terrestrial events happening as if he
were _ascending_ the stream of time.
It would be very different if the observer remained stationary, and
the earth receded from him at a speed of 300,000 miles a second. What
would happen then? It is clear that in this case our observer will see
terrestrial events, not in inverse order, but as they are: except that
they would seem to him to take place with majestic slowness, because
the rays of light which leave the earth at the end of some particular
event will take a much longer time to reach him than the rays which
left the earth at the beginning of the event.
In sum, the phenomena observed by him being essentially different in
the two cases, our imaginary observer would be able to say whether it
is he who is receding from the earth or the earth that is receding
from him; to detect the real movement of the event through space. This
means, of course, movement relatively to the medium of the propagation
of light, not necessarily, as we saw, movement in relation to absolute
space.
The experiment we have imagined could not very well be carried out
with the actual resources of our laboratories. We cannot attain these
fantastic speeds, and even if we could the observer would not
distinguish much. But we have chosen a colossal instance, and the
results of it would be colossal, as there would be question of nothing
less than a reversal of the order of time.
If we were to use more modest means, the results will be more modest,
but according to the older theories they ought to be recorded in our
instruments. But the Michelson experiment—a miniature version of what
we have just described—shows that the differences we should expect
are not observed. Therefore the premise we laid down—that there can
be velocities greater than that of light in empty space—does not
harmonise with reality. Hence this velocity of light is a wall, a limit
that cannot be passed.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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