Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Philosophy
Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000
Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Relativity (Physics)
To have synthesised Newton's two great principles--his law of motion
and law of gravitation--interpreting in the process the empirical law
of equality of gravitational and inertial mass, is alone an immense
achievement; but Einstein's researches have opened up a new world
to the physicist and philosopher which is of greater importance. He
has given us a vision of the immaterial world, a geometrical or
mathematical vision, which is more satisfying than the "ether"
conceptions hitherto presented. The fabric of his vision is not
baseless. It is this fabric we shall consider, touching on certain
aspects of the Einstein theory in the endeavor to present an image in
miniature of his edifice of thought and to show the firmness of its
foundations. That they are well and truly laid was demonstrated by
the verification, from observations made during the solar eclipse in
1919, of Einstein's prediction of the displacement of a wave of light
in a gravitational field, showing light to have the property of weight.
The physical world is shown by Einstein to be a world of
"relations." Underlying it there is an absolute world of which physical
phenomena are the manifestation. "Give me matter and motion," says
Descartes, "and I will construct the world." "Give me a world in
which there are ordered relations," says the Relativist, "and I will
show you the behavior of matter therein" (mechanics). We first view
this underlying world as an abstraction, abstracting energy ("bound"
as in matter and electrons, "free" as in light), and its attribute
force. This abstraction we will call the "World-Frame." Later, we
will study the underlying world in connection with energy, and will
call this absolute world the "World-Fabric." The connection between
the geometrical character of the World-Frame and the geometrical
characters of the World-Fabric is the key to the law of gravitation.
THE WORLD-FRAME
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